Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
B. C. 30,000
B. C. 30,000

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000 is here in full — 700 sentences across 140 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for B. C. 30,000
Context Illustration Reading 1/140 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.
A scream of rage split the darkness.
From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.
Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.
The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

B. C. 30,000

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000 is here in full — 700 sentences across 140 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/140 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.
Line 2
A scream of rage split the darkness.
/ə skriːm ʌv reɪdʒ splɪt ðə ˈdɑːrknəs/
Line 3
From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.
Line 4
Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ hɜːr ənd ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ laɪk æn enˈreɪdʒd kæt keɪm wʌn ʌv ðə ˈmeɪdənz ʌv ðə traɪb/
Line 5
The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

encroaching adjective US /ɪnˈkroʊtʃɪŋ/

gradually intrusive without right or permission

From this reading “Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.”

enforce verb US /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading “The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.”

hag noun US /hæɡ/

an ugly evil-looking old woman

From this reading “The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.”

liver noun US /ˈlɪvər/

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity

From this reading “From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.”

Neanderthal adjective US /niˈændərθɔːl/

ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behavior or appearance

From this reading “Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.”

Priestess noun US /ˈpriːstəs/

a woman priest

From this reading “From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.”

snarling verb US /ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ/

-ing form of “snarl” — utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

From this reading “Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.”

tribal adjective US /ˈtraɪbəl/

relating to or characteristic of a tribe

From this reading “The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

dwelt in verb + particle counted as “dwell in”

In this reading “The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.”

in the heavens preposition + article + noun counted as “in … heavens”

In this reading “The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A scream of rage split the darkness.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

Anak

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

Astok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

BackadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

bitnounUS /bɪt/

a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

bloodyadjectiveUS /ˈblʌdi/

having or covered with or accompanied by blood

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

catnounUS /kæt/

feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and no ability to roar: domestic cats; wildcats

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

ChiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading A scream of rage split the darkness.

dartedverbUS /ˈdɑːrtɪd/

past form of “dart” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

Degar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

dimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

dweltverbUS /dwelt/

inflected form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

encroachingadjectiveUS /ɪnˈkroʊtʃɪŋ/

gradually intrusive without right or permission

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

enforceverbUS /enˈfɔːrs/

ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

enragedadjectiveUS /enˈreɪdʒd/

marked by extreme anger

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

Esle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

hagnounUS /hæɡ/

an ugly evil-looking old woman

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

heavensnounUS /ˈhevənz/

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

HighadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

HunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

livernounUS /ˈlɪvər/

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

maidensnounUS /ˈmeɪdənz/

plural of “maiden” — an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

NeanderthaladjectiveUS /niˈændərθɔːl/

ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behavior or appearance

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

pausenounUS /pɔːz/

a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

PriestessnounUS /ˈpriːstəs/

a woman priest

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

ragenounUS /reɪdʒ/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading A scream of rage split the darkness.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

screamverbUS /skriːm/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading A scream of rage split the darkness.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

snarlingverbUS /ˈsnɑːrlɪŋ/

-ing form of “snarl” — utter in an angry, sharp, or abrupt tone

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

splitverbUS /splɪt/

separate into parts or portions

From this reading A scream of rage split the darkness.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Back in the dim dawn of civilization Anak the Hunter stands in his might before the encroaching Neanderthal men.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

tribaladjectiveUS /ˈtraɪbəl/

relating to or characteristic of a tribe

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Following her, and snarling like an enraged cat, came one of the maidens of the tribe.

Uglik

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The aged hag, Esle, whose duty it was to declare to the tribe the will of Degar Astok, the mighty one who dwelt in the heavens and sent the storms to enforce his will, came to a pause before Uglik, the Chief and tribal Father.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading From the side of the fire where the women sat darted Esle, the High Priestess, a bloody bit of liver in her hand.

Chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000 by S. P. (Sterner St. Paul) Meek holds 700 sentences, grouped into 140 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 700 sentences of B. C. 30,000, unabridged, divided into 140 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000 by S. P. (Sterner St. Paul) Meek exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 700 sentences, grouped into 140 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of B. C. 30,000?

Work through the 140 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 140 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading B. C. 30,000

Common questions about reading B. C. 30,000 by S. P. (Sterner St. Paul) Meek on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of B. C. 30,000?

Yes. All 700 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26989 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of B. C. 30,000 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26989, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does B. C. 30,000 take to read?

About 58 minutes of reading across 140 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read B. C. 30,000 section by section

How to work through B. C. 30,000 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of B. C. 30,000 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in B. C. 30,000

Words and structures a reader meets early in B. C. 30,000, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Civilization
A word that appears in the opening chapter of B. C. 30,000; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of B. C. 30,000; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of B. C. 30,000; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Might
A word that appears in the opening chapter of B. C. 30,000; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.