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Babbitt
Babbitt

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Babbitt is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.
They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.
The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.
The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.
Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Babbitt

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Babbitt is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.
/ðə ˈtaʊərz ʌv ˈziːnəθ əˈspaɪrd əˈbʌv ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ mɪst ɔːˈstɪr ˈtaʊərz ʌv stiːl ənd səˈment ənd ˈlaɪmstoʊn ˈstɜːrdi æz klɪfs ənd ˈdeləkət æz ˈsɪlvər rɑːdz/
Line 2
They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.
Line 3
The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.
Line 4
The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.
Line 5
Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aspired verb US /əˈspaɪrd/

past form of “aspire” — have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal

From this reading “The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.”

hulking adjective US /ˈhʌlkɪŋ/

of great size and bulk

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

limousine noun US /ˈlɪməziːn/

large luxurious car; usually driven by a chauffeur

From this reading “Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.”

minarets noun US /ˌmɪnərˈets/

plural of “minaret” — slender tower with balconies

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

sooted verb US /ˈsʊtɪd/

past form of “soot” — coat with soot

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

stingy adjective US /ˈstɪndʒi/

unwilling to spend (money, time, resources, etc.)

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

structures noun US /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

tenements noun US /ˈtenəmənts/

plural of “tenement” — a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

From this reading “The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

aspiredverbUS /əˈspaɪrd/

past form of “aspire” — have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

austereadjectiveUS /ɔːˈstɪr/

severely simple

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

beautifullyadverbUS /ˈbjuːtəfli/

in a beautiful manner

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

bricknounUS /brɪk/

rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln; used as a building or paving material

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

bridgenounUS /brɪdʒ/

a structure that allows people or vehicles to cross an obstacle such as a river or canal or railway etc.

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

cementnounUS /səˈment/

concrete pavement is sometimes referred to as cement

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

centernounUS /ˈsɛn.tər/

The middle point or core of an area.

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

citadels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

coloredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

concreteadjectiveUS /kənˈkriːt/

capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

factoriesnounUS /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

franklyadverbUS /ˈfræŋkli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

frettedadjectiveUS /ˈfretɪd/

having frets

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

grotesqueries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

hoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

hulkingadjectiveUS /ˈhʌlkɪŋ/

of great size and bulk

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

laughternounUS /ˈlæftər/

the sound of laughing

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

limestonenounUS /ˈlaɪmstoʊn/

a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

limousinenounUS /ˈlɪməziːn/

large luxurious car; usually driven by a chauffeur

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

mansardnoun

a hip roof having two slopes on each side

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

minaretsnounUS /ˌmɪnərˈets/

plural of “minaret” — slender tower with balconies

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

mistverbUS /mɪst/

become covered with mist

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

noiselessadjective

making no sound

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

office-buildings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

OverprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

pitynounUS /ˈpɪti/

a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

PostverbUS /poʊst/

affix in a public place or for public notice

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

rodsnounUS /rɑːdz/

plural of “rod” — a long thin implement made of metal or wood

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

shingle-tortured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

sleekadjectiveUS /sliːk/

well-groomed and neatly tailored; especially too well-groomed

From this reading Over a concrete bridge fled a limousine of long sleek hood and noiseless engine.

sootedverbUS /ˈsʊtɪd/

past form of “soot” — coat with soot

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

stingyadjectiveUS /ˈstɪndʒi/

unwilling to spend (money, time, resources, etc.)

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

structuresnounUS /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

tenementsnounUS /ˈtenəmənts/

plural of “tenement” — a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

thrustingnounUS /ˈθrʌstɪŋ/

a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow)

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

towersnounUS /ˈtaʊərz/

plural of “tower” — a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

tranquillitynounUS /træŋˈkwɪlɪti/

an untroubled state; free from disturbances

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The city was full of such grotesqueries, but the clean towers were thrusting them from the business center, and on the farther hills were shining new houses, homes--they seemed--for laughter and tranquillity.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were neither citadels nor churches, but frankly and beautifully office-buildings.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

woodenadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdən/

made or consisting of (entirely or in part) or employing wood

From this reading The mist took pity on the fretted structures of earlier generations: the Post Office with its shingle-tortured mansard, the red brick minarets of hulking old houses, factories with stingy and sooted windows, wooden tenements colored like mud.

ZenithnounUS /ˈziːnəθ/

the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading The towers of Zenith aspired above the morning mist; austere towers of steel and cement and limestone, sturdy as cliffs and delicate as silver rods.

Chapter 1 of Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis holds 233 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Babbitt contain?

Chapter 1 holds 233 sentences of Babbitt, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 233 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Babbitt?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Babbitt

Common questions about reading Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Babbitt?

Yes. All 7557 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1156 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Babbitt is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1156, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Babbitt take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1512 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Babbitt section by section

How to work through Babbitt section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Babbitt to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Babbitt

Words and structures a reader meets early in Babbitt, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Towers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Babbitt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Zenith
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Babbitt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Aspired
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Babbitt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Babbitt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.