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Babylon, Volume 1
Babylon, Volume 1

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for Babylon, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
|Boston has worn itself out.
The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.
The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.
It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.
Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Babylon, Volume 1

Chapter VII

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
|Boston has worn itself out.
Line 2
The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.
Line 3
The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.
Line 4
It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.
Line 5
Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Ever noun US /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.”

Has auxiliary verb US /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “|Boston has worn itself out.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “|Boston has worn itself out.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.”

Second noun US /second/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.”

Till preposition US /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.”

Worn verb US /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading “|Boston has worn itself out.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

alien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

American

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

analysing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

appreciative

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

artificial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

attitude

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

Audouin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

begotten

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

Boston

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading |Boston has worn itself out.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

centre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

critical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

criticising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

critics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

cultivated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

culture

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

died

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

discontent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

embodiment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

evernounUS /ever/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

exotic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

fallen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

fastidious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

generation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

gone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

hardly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading |Boston has worn itself out.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

inanition

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

intellects

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

intellectual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading |Boston has worn itself out.

Lothrop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

mocking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

Nemesis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

nihilism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

originalities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading |Boston has worn itself out.

possessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

pure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

purely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

receptive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

second

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

sickly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

single

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

spontaneity

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

sterility

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

studying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

thinkers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

thousand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

unnatural

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

unoriginative

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The Nemesis of sterility has fallen upon its head in the second generation.

utterly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

vigour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The artificial centre of an unnatural sickly exotic culture ever alien to the American soil, it has gone on studying, criticising, analysing, till all the vigour and spontaneity it may ever have possessed has utterly died out of it from pure inanition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lothrop Audouin was the very embodiment of the discontent and mocking intellectual nihilism begotten of this purely critical unoriginative attitude.

workers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has cultivated men, fastidious critics, receptive and appreciative intellects by the thousand; but of thinkers, workers, originalities, hardly now a single one.

wornverbUS /wɔːrn/

Damaged or thinned by continuous use.

From this reading |Boston has worn itself out.