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Backlog Studies
Backlog Studies

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Backlog Studies is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Backlog Studies
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.
What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.
The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.
Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.
Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Backlog Studies

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Backlog Studies is here in full — 165 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.
Line 2
What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.
/wʌt səˈpɔːrts ðə ˈselər aɪ ˈnevər nuː bʌt ðə ˈselər səˈpɔːrts ðə ˈfæməli/
Line 3
The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.
/ðə ˈselər ɪz ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ʌv dəˈmestɪk ˈkʌmfərt/
Line 4
Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.
Line 5
Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apples noun US /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading “Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.”

bins noun US /bɪnz/

plural of “bin” — a container; usually has a lid

From this reading “Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.”

cavernous adjective US /ˈkævərnəs/

being or suggesting a cavern

From this reading “Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.”

choicest adjective US /ˈtʃɔɪsəst/

superlative of “choice” — of superior grade

From this reading “Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.”

foundation noun US /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading “The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.”

recesses noun US /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading “Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.”

rests noun US /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading “The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.”

supports noun US /səˈpɔːrts/

plural of “support” — the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading “What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.”

All words in this reading · 38

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

applesnounUS /ˈæpəlz/

plural of “apple” — fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh

From this reading Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

binsnounUS /bɪnz/

plural of “bin” — a container; usually has a lid

From this reading Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

Bogies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

cavernousadjectiveUS /ˈkævərnəs/

being or suggesting a cavern

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

cellarnounUS /ˈselər/

the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

child'snounUS /tʃaɪldz/

possessive form of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

choicestadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɔɪsəst/

superlative of “choice” — of superior grade

From this reading Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

fearfullyadverb

in fear

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

foundationnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/

the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

guardnounUS /ɡɑːrd/

a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading Bogies guard the bins of choicest apples.

hearthnounUS /hɑːrθ/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

IntoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The cellar is the foundation of domestic comfort.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

recessesnounUS /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading Into its dark, cavernous recesses the child's imagination fearfully goes.

restsnounUS /rests/

plural of “rest” — something left after other parts have been taken away

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

substruction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

supportsnounUS /səˈpɔːrts/

plural of “support” — the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The fire rests upon the broad hearth; the hearth rests upon a great substruction of stone, and the substruction rests upon the cellar.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What supports the cellar I never knew, but the cellar supports the family.

Chapter 2 of Backlog Studies by Charles Dudley Warner holds 165 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Backlog Studies contain?

Chapter 2 holds 165 sentences of Backlog Studies, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Backlog Studies by Charles Dudley Warner exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 165 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Backlog Studies?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Backlog Studies

Common questions about reading Backlog Studies by Charles Dudley Warner on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Backlog Studies?

Yes. All 2520 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3134 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Backlog Studies is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3134, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Backlog Studies take to read?

About 210 minutes of reading across 504 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Backlog Studies section by section

How to work through Backlog Studies section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Backlog Studies to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Backlog Studies

Words and structures a reader meets early in Backlog Studies, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hearth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Backlog Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Almost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Backlog Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Backlog Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Backlog Studies; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.