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Bacon and Shakspere
Bacon and Shakspere

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Bacon and Shakspere
Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.
In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.
Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.
The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.
In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Bacon and Shakspere

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.
Line 2
In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.
Line 3
Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.
/θriː jɪrz ˈleɪtər hiː səbˈskraɪbd hɪz neɪm tuː θriː briːfs ɔːr ʃiːts ʌv hɪz wɪl/
Line 4
The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.
/ðə faɪv fækˈsɪməliz ɑːr hiːr ˌriːprəˈduːst ðeɪ ɑːr ɔːl sʌtʃ ˈsɪɡnətʃərz æz æn ˌɪˈlɪtərət ˈpɜːrsən ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd tuː raɪt wʊd biː ˈlaɪkli tuː skrɔːl ənd ðeɪ ɑːr soʊ ˈdɪfərənt ðæt æn əˈkweɪntəns wɪð wʌn ɪz ˈlɪtəl help tuː ðə ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən ʌv əˈnʌðər/
Line 5
In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autographs noun US /ˈɔːtəɡræfs/

plural of “autograph” — something written by one's own hand

From this reading “No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.”

briefs noun US /briːfs/

(used in the plural) short tight-fitting underpants (trade name Jockey shorts)

From this reading “Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.”

facsimiles noun US /fækˈsɪməliz/

plural of “facsimile” — an exact copy or reproduction

From this reading “The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.”

illiterate adjective US /ˌɪˈlɪtərət/

not able to read or write

From this reading “The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.”

reproduced verb US /ˌriːprəˈduːst/

past form of “reproduce” — make a copy or equivalent of

From this reading “The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.”

scrawl verb US /skrɔːl/

write carelessly

From this reading “The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.”

signatures noun US /ˈsɪɡnətʃərz/

plural of “signature” — your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading “The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.”

subscribed adjective US /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading “Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Three years noun + noun

In this reading “Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1613

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

49

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

autographsnounUS /ˈɔːtəɡræfs/

plural of “autograph” — something written by one's own hand

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

briefsnounUS /briːfs/

(used in the plural) short tight-fitting underpants (trade name Jockey shorts)

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

deednounUS /diːd/

a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

facsimilesnounUS /fækˈsɪməliz/

plural of “facsimile” — an exact copy or reproduction

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

handwritingnounUS /ˈhændraɪtɪŋ/

something written by hand

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

illiterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlɪtərət/

not able to read or write

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

mortgagenounUS /ˈmɔːrɡədʒ/

a conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

reproducedverbUS /ˌriːprəˈduːst/

past form of “reproduce” — make a copy or equivalent of

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

scrawlverbUS /skrɔːl/

write carelessly

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

Shaksperenoun

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading No handwriting of Shakspere has ever been discovered except five autographs.

sheetsnounUS /ʃiːts/

plural of “sheet” — any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

signaturenounUS /ˈsɪɡnətʃər/

your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

signaturesnounUS /ˈsɪɡnətʃərz/

plural of “signature” — your name written in your own handwriting

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

signedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

subscribedadjectiveUS /səbˈskraɪbd/

(of a contract or will or other document) having a signature written at the end

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

transactionnounUS /trænˈzækʃən/

the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

unaccustomedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈkʌstəmd/

unusual or unfamiliar

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Three years later he subscribed his name to three briefs or sheets of his will.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

Wm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading The five facsimiles are here reproduced: They are all such signatures as an illiterate person, unaccustomed to write, would be likely to scrawl; and they are so different that an acquaintance with one is little help to the recognition of another.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading In the first signature he writes Wm. for William.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In March 1613, when he was nearly 49 years old, he signed his name to a mortgage, and again to a deed relative to the same transaction.

Chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere by William Henry Burr holds 454 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere contain?

Chapter 1 holds 454 sentences of Bacon and Shakspere, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere by William Henry Burr exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 454 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Bacon and Shakspere?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Bacon and Shakspere

Common questions about reading Bacon and Shakspere by William Henry Burr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Bacon and Shakspere?

Yes. All 454 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #39121 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Bacon and Shakspere is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #39121, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Bacon and Shakspere take to read?

About 37 minutes of reading across 91 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Bacon and Shakspere

Words and structures a reader meets early in Bacon and Shakspere, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Handwriting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bacon and Shakspere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shakspere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bacon and Shakspere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Discovered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bacon and Shakspere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Except
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bacon and Shakspere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.