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Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes
Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.
Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.
The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.
It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.
It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.
Line 2
Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.
Line 3
The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.
Line 4
It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.
/ɪt ˈhaɪli dɪˈzɜːrvz ðɪs dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt feɪt æz ɪt kənˈteɪnz ˈveriəs moʊdz ʌv ɪkˈspreʃən ɪn kərˈekt ˈlæŋɡwədʒ ənd dɪˈspleɪz ə ɡreɪt vərˈaɪəti ʌv ˈiːstərn ˈmænərz ənd moʊdz ʌv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
Line 5
It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Amman noun US /ˈæmən/

the capital and largest city of Jordan

From this reading “Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.”

Asiatic noun US /ˌeɪʒiˈætɪk/

a native or inhabitant of Asia

From this reading “Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.”

classical adjective US /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading “The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.”

colloquial adjective US /kəˈloʊkwiəl/

characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation

From this reading “It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.”

displays noun US /dɪˈspleɪz/

plural of “display” — something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading “It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.”

idioms noun US /ˈɪdiəmz/

plural of “idiom” — a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading “It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.”

modes noun US /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.”

preface noun US /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.”

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

AmmannounUS /ˈæmən/

the capital and largest city of Jordan

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

AsiaticnounUS /ˌeɪʒiˈætɪk/

a native or inhabitant of Asia

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

BAGH

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

BAHAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/

of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

CollegenounUS /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/

the body of faculty and students of a college

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

colloquialadjectiveUS /kəˈloʊkwiəl/

characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

correctverbUS /kərˈekt/

make right or correct

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

DARWESHES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

Dihli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

displaysnounUS /dɪˈspleɪz/

plural of “display” — something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

EasternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

FOURnounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

GardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

Hindustaninoun

a native or inhabitant of Hindustan or India

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

idiomsnounUS /ˈɪdiəmz/

plural of “idiom” — a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of a language

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

IrelandnounUS /ˈaɪərlənd/

a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

King'snounUS /kɪŋz/

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

LanguagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

MembernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

Mir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

modesnounUS /moʊdz/

plural of “mode” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

OrientaladjectiveUS /ˌɔːriˈentəl/

denoting or characteristic of countries of the Far East

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

PersiannounUS /ˈpɜːrʒən/

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

phrasesnounUS /ˈfreɪzəz/

plural of “phrase” — an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

SpringnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

TALESnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading BAGH O BAHAR; OR TALES OF THE FOUR DARWESHES.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is an excellent introduction not only to the colloquial style of the _Hindustani_ language, but also to a knowledge of its various idioms and popular phrases.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading It highly deserves this distinguished fate, as it contains various modes of expression in correct language; and displays a great variety of Eastern manners and modes of thinking.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The _Bagh O Bahar_, or "Garden and Spring," has, for the last half century, been held as a classical work throughout our Indian empire.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Translated from the Hindustani of Mir Amman of Dihli _Professor of Oriental Languages in King's College, London; Member of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, author of several works on the Hindustani and Persian Languages._ PREFACE.

Chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes contain?

Chapter 1 holds 423 sentences of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes

Common questions about reading Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes by Amir Khusraw Dihlavi on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes?

Yes. All 3353 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12370 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12370, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes take to read?

About 279 minutes of reading across 671 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes section by section

How to work through Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bahar
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tales
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Darweshes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bagh O Bahar, or Tales of the Four Darweshes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.