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Ballads of American bravery
Ballads of American bravery

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery is here in full — 333 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.
The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.
Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.
But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!
He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ballads of American bravery

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery is here in full — 333 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.
/stɪl spræŋ frʌm ðoʊz swɪft hʊfs ˈθʌndərɪŋ saʊθ ðə dʌst laɪk smoʊk frʌm ðə ˈkænənz maʊθ ɔːr ðə treɪl ʌv ə ˈkɑːmət ˈswiːpɪŋ ˈfæstər ənd ˈfæstər fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ tuː ˈtreɪtərz ðə duːm ʌv dɪˈzæstər/
Line 2
The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.
Line 3
Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.
Line 4
But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!
Line 5
He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.
/hiː ɪz ˈsnʌfɪŋ ðə smoʊk ʌv ðə ˈrɔːrɪŋ freɪ wɪð ˈʃerɪdən ˈoʊnli faɪv maɪlz əˈweɪ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alpine adjective US /ˈælpaɪn/

relating to or characteristic of alps

From this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

assaulting verb US /əˈsɔːltɪŋ/

-ing form of “assault” — attack someone physically or emotionally

From this reading “The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.”

cannon's noun US /ˈkænənz/

possessive form of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

charger noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading “The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.”

Foreboding noun US /fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ/

a feeling of evil to come

From this reading “Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.”

ire noun US /aɪr/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

snuffing verb US /ˈsnʌfɪŋ/

-ing form of “snuff” — sniff or smell inquiringly

From this reading “He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.”

spurning verb US /ˈspɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “spurn” — reject with contempt

From this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

ten miles noun + noun counted as “ten mile”

In this reading “The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.”

five miles noun + noun counted as “five mile”

In this reading “He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.”

river flowed noun + noun counted as “river flow”

In this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

sprang from verb + particle counted as “spring from”

In this reading “Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.”

sped away verb + particle counted as “speed away”

In this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

before the wind preposition + article + noun counted as “before … wind”

In this reading “Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

AlpineadjectiveUS /ˈælpaɪn/

relating to or characteristic of alps

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

arrowy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

assaultingverbUS /əˈsɔːltɪŋ/

-ing form of “assault” — attack someone physically or emotionally

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

battle-field

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

beatingnounUS /ˈbiːtɪŋ/

the act of overcoming or outdoing

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

callsnounUS /kɔːlz/

plural of “call” — a telephone connection

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

cannon'snounUS /ˈkænənz/

possessive form of “cannon” — a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

chargernounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

cometnounUS /ˈkɑːmət/

(astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

fasteradverbUS /ˈfæstər/

more quickly

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

ForebodingnounUS /fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ/

a feeling of evil to come

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

frayverbUS /freɪ/

wear away by rubbing

From this reading He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

furnacenounUS /ˈfɜːrnəs/

an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

heart'snounUS /hɑːrts/

possessive form of “heart” — the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

ImpatientadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt/

restless or short-tempered under delay or opposition

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

irenounUS /aɪr/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

landscapenounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/

an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

lo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

mouthnounUS /maʊθ/

the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

nearingverbUS /ˈnɪrɪŋ/

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading But, lo, he is nearing his heart’s desire!

nervenounUS /nɜːrv/

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

roaringnounUS /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/

a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.

SheridannounUS /ˈʃerɪdən/

Irish playwright remembered for his satirical comedies of manners (1751-1816)

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

snuffingverbUS /ˈsnʌfɪŋ/

-ing form of “snuff” — sniff or smell inquiringly

From this reading He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray, With Sheridan only five miles away.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

spedverbUS /sped/

inflected form of “speed” — move hurridly

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

sprangverbUS /spræŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

spurningverbUS /ˈspɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “spurn” — reject with contempt

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

steednounUS /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

strainedadjectiveUS /streɪnd/

lacking natural ease

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

sweepingadjectiveUS /ˈswiːpɪŋ/

taking in or moving over (or as if over) a wide area; often used in combination

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

SweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

thunderingadjectiveUS /ˈθʌndərɪŋ/

sounding like thunder

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

traitorsnounUS /ˈtreɪtərz/

plural of “traitor” — someone who betrays his country by committing treason

From this reading Still sprang from those swift hoofs, thundering south, The dust like smoke from the cannon’s mouth, Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster, Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

Wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Under his spurning feet, the road Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed, And the landscape sped away behind Like an ocean flying before the wind; And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire, Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The heart of the steed and the heart of the master Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls, Impatient to be where the battle-field calls; Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play, With Sheridan only ten miles away.

Chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery by Clinton [Editor] Scollard holds 333 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery contain?

Chapter 4 holds 333 sentences of Ballads of American bravery, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery by Clinton [Editor] Scollard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 333 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Ballads of American bravery?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ballads of American bravery

Common questions about reading Ballads of American bravery by Clinton [Editor] Scollard on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ballads of American bravery?

Yes. All 2429 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76664 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ballads of American bravery is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76664, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ballads of American bravery take to read?

About 202 minutes of reading across 486 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ballads of American bravery section by section

How to work through Ballads of American bravery section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ballads of American bravery

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ballads of American bravery, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Silver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ballads of American bravery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ballads of American bravery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ballads of American bravery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
American
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ballads of American bravery; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.