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Barbarians
Barbarians

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Barbarians is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Barbarians
Context Illustration Reading 1/59 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.
I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....
All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.
The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.
Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Barbarians

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Barbarians is here in full — 296 sentences across 60 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/59 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.
Line 2
I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....
/aɪ wɑːz ˈstændɪŋ bɪˈtwiːn ə kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən trentʃ ənd ə ˈkreɪtər left baɪ ə maɪn wɪtʃ wɑːz ˈbiːɪŋ kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd æz ðeɪ hæv ɪt ɪn ðiːz deɪz/
Line 3
All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.
Line 4
The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.
Line 5
Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.
/ˈstretʃərz ənd ˈberərz frʌm maɪ ˈsekʃən hæd nɑːt jet rɪˈtɜːrnd frʌm ðə ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi ˈdresɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən ðə ˈkreɪtər wɑːz naʊ klɪrd ʌp ɪkˈsept ʌv ˈenəmi ded huːz ˈpɑːrtli ˈberid ɑːrmz ənd leɡz stɪl stʌk aʊt hiːr ənd ðer/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

craters noun US /ˈkreɪtərz/

plural of “crater” — a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

From this reading “The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.”

lugging verb US /ˈlʌɡɪŋ/

inflected form of “lug” — carry with difficulty

From this reading “All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.”

mortars noun US /ˈmɔːrtərz/

plural of “mortar” — a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading “All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.”

reconstructing verb US /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪŋ/

-ing form of “reconstruct” — reassemble mentally

From this reading “The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.”

reels noun US /riːlz/

plural of “reel” — a roll of photographic film holding a series of frames to be projected by a movie projector

From this reading “All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.”

sandbags noun US /ˈsændbæɡz/

plural of “sandbag” — a bag filled with sand; used as a weapon or to build walls or as ballast

From this reading “All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.”

shrimp noun US /ʃrɪmp/

disparaging terms for small people

From this reading “FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.”

Stretchers noun US /ˈstretʃərz/

plural of “stretcher” — a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading “Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

ammunitionnounUS /ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən/

projectiles to be fired from a gun

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

barbedadjectiveUS /bɑːrbd/

capable of wounding

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

bearersnounUS /ˈberərz/

plural of “bearer” — someone whose employment involves carrying something

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

clamberedverbUS /ˈklæmbərd/

past form of “clamber” — climb awkwardly, as if by scrambling

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

clatteringverbUS /ˈklætərɪŋ/

-ing form of “clatter” — make a rattling sound

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

communicationnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən/

the activity of communicating; the activity of conveying information

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

consolidatedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɑːlədeɪtəd/

joined together into a whole

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

craternounUS /ˈkreɪtər/

a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

cratersnounUS /ˈkreɪtərz/

plural of “crater” — a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

deafeningadjectiveUS /ˈdefənɪŋ/

loud enough to cause (temporary) hearing loss

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

diggingnounUS /ˈdɪɡɪŋ/

the act of digging

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

dinnounUS /dɪn/

a loud harsh or strident noise

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

dressingnounUS /ˈdresɪŋ/

savory dressings for salads; basically of two kinds: either the thin French or vinaigrette type or the creamy mayonnaise type

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

débris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

emergencynounUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/

a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

FIFTY-FIFTYadjective

equal in degree or extent or amount; or equally matched or balanced

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

hammeringnounUS /ˈhæmərɪŋ/

the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows)

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

Huns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

I'm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

laddersnounUS /ˈlædərz/

plural of “ladder” — steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

luggingverbUS /ˈlʌɡɪŋ/

inflected form of “lug” — carry with difficulty

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

mortarsnounUS /ˈmɔːrtərz/

plural of “mortar” — a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

overheadadverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhed/

above your head; in the sky

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

planksnounUS /plæŋks/

plural of “plank” — a stout length of sawn timber; made in a wide variety of sizes and used for many purposes

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

reconstructingverbUS /ˌriːkənˈstrʌktɪŋ/

-ing form of “reconstruct” — reassemble mentally

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

reelsnounUS /riːlz/

plural of “reel” — a roll of photographic film holding a series of frames to be projected by a movie projector

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

roarverbUS /rɔːr/

make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

sandbagsnounUS /ˈsændbæɡz/

plural of “sandbag” — a bag filled with sand; used as a weapon or to build walls or as ballast

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

sectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/

a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

shellnounUS /ʃel/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

shrimpnounUS /ʃrɪmp/

disparaging terms for small people

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

StretchersnounUS /ˈstretʃərz/

plural of “stretcher” — a wooden framework on which canvas is stretched and fixed for oil painting

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

stuckadjectiveUS /stʌk/

caught or fixed

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

swarmedverbUS /swɔːrmd/

past form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

terrificadjectiveUS /tərˈɪfɪk/

very great or intense

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

timbersnounUS /ˈtɪmbərz/

plural of “timber” — the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

trenchnounUS /trentʃ/

a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

TyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

Vail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading I was standing between a communication trench and a crater left by a mine which was being "consolidated," as they have it in these days....

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

wirenounUS /ˈwaɪər/

ligament made of metal and used to fasten things or make cages or fences etc

From this reading All around me soldiers of the third line swarmed and clambered over the débris, digging, hammering, shifting planks and sandbags from south to north, lugging new timbers, reels of barbed wire, ladders, cases of ammunition, machine guns, trench mortars.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

yardsnounUS /jɑːrdz/

plural of “yard” — a unit of length equal to 3 feet; defined as 91.44 centimeters; originally taken to be the average length of a stride

From this reading The din of the guns was terrific; overhead our own shells passed with a deafening, clattering roar; the Huns continued to shell the town in front of us where our first and second lines were still fighting in the streets and houses while the third line were reconstructing a few yards of trenches and a few craters won.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Stretchers and bearers from my section had not yet returned from the emergency dressing station; the crater was now cleared up except of enemy dead, whose partly buried arms and legs still stuck out here and there.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading FIFTY-FIFTY Vail began: Tyranny was purely a matter of business with this little moral shrimp about whom I’m going to tell you.

Chapter 12 of Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers holds 296 sentences, grouped into 60 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Barbarians contain?

Chapter 12 holds 296 sentences of Barbarians, unabridged, divided into 60 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 296 sentences, grouped into 60 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Barbarians?

Work through the 60 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 60 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Barbarians

Common questions about reading Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Barbarians?

Yes. All 4087 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Barbarians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25623, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Barbarians take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 818 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Barbarians section by section

How to work through Barbarians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Barbarians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Barbarians

Words and structures a reader meets early in Barbarians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philippa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daughter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bestial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.