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Barbarians
Barbarians

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Barbarians is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Barbarians
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.
What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?
Had the other moths which he released done so, too?
They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.
He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Barbarians

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of Barbarians is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.
Line 2
What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?
/wʌt pəˈzest ðə mɔːθ tuː kənˈtɪnjuː ˈbætərɪŋ ɪts wɪŋz æt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ʌv ðə ruːm bɪˈloʊ/
Line 3
Had the other moths which he released done so, too?
/hæd ðə ˈʌðər mɔːθs wɪtʃ hiː riˈliːst dʌn soʊ tuː/
Line 4
They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.
/ðeɪ hæd ˈdɑːrtɪd aʊt ʌv hɪz ruːm ˈɪntuː ðə naɪt iːtʃ ˈɡɑːrnɪʃt wɪð ə ˈtɪsjuː roʊb/
Line 5
He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.
/hiː səˈpoʊzd ðeɪ hæd floʊn nɔːrθ hiː hæd nɑːt lʊkt aʊt tuː siː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battering noun US /ˈbætərɪŋ/

the act of subjecting to strong attack

From this reading “What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?”

clattering verb US /ˈklætərɪŋ/

-ing form of “clatter” — make a rattling sound

From this reading “MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.”

Death's noun US /deθs/

possessive form of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

garnished verb US /ˈɡɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “garnish” — take a debtor's wages on legal orders, such as for child support

From this reading “They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.”

moth noun US /mɔːθ/

typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae

From this reading “MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.”

moths noun US /mɔːθs/

plural of “moth” — typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae

From this reading “Had the other moths which he released done so, too?”

switch verb US /swɪtʃ/

change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence

From this reading “MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.”

tissue noun US /ˈtɪsjuː/

part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

From this reading “They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

batteringnounUS /ˈbætərɪŋ/

the act of subjecting to strong attack

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

clatteringverbUS /ˈklætərɪŋ/

-ing form of “clatter” — make a rattling sound

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

dartedverbUS /ˈdɑːrtɪd/

past form of “dart” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

Death'snounUS /deθs/

possessive form of “death” — the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

flownverbUS /floʊn/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

flutteredverbUS /ˈflʌtərd/

past form of “flutter” — move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

garnishedverbUS /ˈɡɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “garnish” — take a debtor's wages on legal orders, such as for child support

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

HeadnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

MADAMnounUS /ˈmædəm/

a woman of refinement

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

mothnounUS /mɔːθ/

typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

mothsnounUS /mɔːθs/

plural of “moth” — typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

obstinatelyadverb

in a stubborn unregenerate manner

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

persistentlyadverbUS /pərˈsɪstəntli/

in a persistent manner

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

releasedverbUS /riˈliːst/

past form of “release” — release, as from one's grip

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

robenounUS /roʊb/

any loose flowing garment

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

sillnounUS /sɪl/

structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading He supposed they had flown north; he had not looked out to see.

switchverbUS /swɪtʃ/

change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

tissuenounUS /ˈtɪsjuː/

part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Had the other moths which he released done so, too?

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

wingsnounUS /wɪŋz/

a means of flight or ascent

From this reading What possessed the moth to continue battering its wings at the window of the room below?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They had darted out of his room into the night, each garnished with a tissue robe.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading MADAM DEATH There was no reply, because the young man was hanging out over his window sill in the darkness trying to switch away, from her closed window below, the big, clattering Death’s Head moth which obstinately and persistently fluttered there.

Chapter 23 of Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Barbarians contain?

Chapter 23 holds 73 sentences of Barbarians, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Barbarians?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Barbarians

Common questions about reading Barbarians by Robert W. (Robert William) Chambers on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Barbarians?

Yes. All 4087 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25623 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Barbarians is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25623, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Barbarians take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 818 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Barbarians section by section

How to work through Barbarians section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Barbarians to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Barbarians

Words and structures a reader meets early in Barbarians, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Philippa
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daughter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Light
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bestial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barbarians; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.