Chapter I · Chapter 1

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

a town in western Washington

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

treat badly

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

anew

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

how long something has existed

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

in the past

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

cause to be bored

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

plural of “convert” — a person who has been converted to another religious or political belief

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

someone who escorts and protects a prominent person

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

promote over another

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

obtain

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a man of refinement

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

a republic in central Europe; split into East Germany and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

the last king of Sweden to have any real political power (1882-1973)

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

in a harsh or unkind manner

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

plural of “indignity” — an affront to one's dignity or self-esteem

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

past form of “insult” — treat, mention, or speak to rudely

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

mourned or grieved for

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

plural of “magistrate” — a lay judge or civil authority who administers the law (especially one who conducts a court dealing with minor offenses)

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

come together

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

the quality of elevation of mind and exaltation of character or ideals or conduct

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

not one, and not any

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

on one occasion

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers)

From this reading As a Quaker, he became the object of persecution and abuse at the hands of the magistrates and the populace.

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

a manner that is rude and insulting

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind

From this reading One of his friends, on an occasion of uncommon rudeness, lamented that he should be treated so harshly in his old age who had been so honored before.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

at the time that

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."

which person or people

From this reading Among the earliest converts to the doctrines of Friends in Scotland was Barclay of Ury, an old and distinguished soldier, who had fought under Gustavus Adolphus, in Germany.

in the company of; together with

From this reading None bore the indignities of the mob with greater patience and nobleness of soul than this once proud gentleman and soldier.

a late time of life

From this reading "I find more satisfaction," said Barclay, "as well as honor, in being thus insulted for my religious principles, than when, a few years ago, it was usual for the magistrates, as I passed the city of Aberdeen, to meet me on the road and conduct me to public entertainment in their hall, and then escort me out again, to gain my favor."