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Barford Abbey, a Novel
Barford Abbey, a Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.
How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?
Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?
Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.
Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Barford Abbey, a Novel

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.
Line 2
How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?
Line 3
Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?
Line 4
Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.
/waɪp əˈweɪ maɪ best lʌv ðə mɑːrk ʌv ˈsɑːroʊ frʌm jɔːr tʃiːk/
Line 5
Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bestow verb US /bɪˈstoʊ/

present

From this reading “Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?”

distressing adjective US /dɪˈstresɪŋ/

causing distress or worry or anxiety

From this reading “How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?”

fullness noun US /ˈfʊlnəs/

completeness over a broad scope

From this reading “Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.”

grieve verb US /ɡriːv/

feel grief

From this reading “Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.”

piety noun US /ˈpaɪəti/

righteousness by virtue of being pious

From this reading “Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?”

repay verb US /riˈpeɪ/

pay back

From this reading “Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?”

rewards noun US /rɪˈwɔːrdz/

plural of “reward” — a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading “Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?”

Wipe verb US /waɪp/

rub with a circular motion

From this reading “Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

bestowverbUS /bɪˈstoʊ/

present

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

cheeknounUS /tʃiːk/

either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

Couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

detailnounUS /dɪˈteɪl/

an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

Didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

distressingadjectiveUS /dɪˈstresɪŋ/

causing distress or worry or anxiety

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

dreadfuladjectiveUS /ˈdredfəl/

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

enteringnounUS /ˈentərɪŋ/

a movement into or inward

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

Fanny's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

fullnessnounUS /ˈfʊlnəs/

completeness over a broad scope

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

god-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

grieveverbUS /ɡriːv/

feel grief

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

heart-rending

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

innocencenounUS /ˈɪnəsəns/

the quality of innocent naivete

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

LadynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

MARYnounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

mournfuladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrnfəl/

expressing sorrow

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

PerhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

pietynounUS /ˈpaɪəti/

righteousness by virtue of being pious

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

repayverbUS /riˈpeɪ/

pay back

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

resignationnounUS /ˌrezəɡˈneɪʃən/

acceptance of despair

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

rewardsnounUS /rɪˈwɔːrdz/

plural of “reward” — a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

saintnounUS /seɪnt/

a person who has died and has been declared a saint by canonization

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

sorrownounUS /ˈsɑːroʊ/

an emotion of great sadness associated with loss or bereavement

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

Spaw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

SUTTON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

WARLEY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady MARY SUTTON, at the German Spaw, to Miss WARLEY, in England.

Wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

weepverbUS /wiːp/

shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Perhaps she may be permitted to look down: if so, will she smile on those that grieve at her entering into the fullness of joy?--Here a sudden death cannot be called dreadful.

WipeverbUS /waɪp/

rub with a circular motion

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Did she not merit rewards too great for this world to bestow?--Could the world repay her innocence, her piety, her resignation?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading How distressing, how heart-rending, is my dear Fanny's mournful detail!--It lies before me; I weep over it!--I weep not for the departed saint: no; it is for you, myself, for all who have experienced her god-like virtues!--Was she not an honour to her sex?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Wipe away, my best love, the mark of sorrow from your cheek.

Chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel by Mrs. (Susannah) Gunning holds 16 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel contain?

Chapter 1 holds 16 sentences of Barford Abbey, a Novel, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel by Mrs. (Susannah) Gunning exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 16 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Barford Abbey, a Novel?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Barford Abbey, a Novel

Common questions about reading Barford Abbey, a Novel by Mrs. (Susannah) Gunning on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Barford Abbey, a Novel?

Yes. All 1261 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13314 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Barford Abbey, a Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13314, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Barford Abbey, a Novel take to read?

About 105 minutes of reading across 253 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Barford Abbey, a Novel section by section

How to work through Barford Abbey, a Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Barford Abbey, a Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Barford Abbey, a Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Barford Abbey, a Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sutton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barford Abbey, a Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barford Abbey, a Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Warley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barford Abbey, a Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
England
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Barford Abbey, a Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.