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Battleground
Battleground

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Battleground is here in full — 367 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Battleground
Context Illustration Reading 1/73 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.
But just how wide is Armageddon?
_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.
His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.
In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Battleground

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Battleground is here in full — 367 sentences across 74 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/73 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.
Line 2
But just how wide is Armageddon?
Line 3
_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.
Line 4
His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.
Line 5
In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acclaimed verb US /əˈkleɪmd/

past form of “acclaim” — praise vociferously

From this reading “_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.”

America's noun US /əˈmerəkəz/

possessive form of “america” — North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.”

Armageddon noun US /ˌɑːrməˈɡedən/

(New Testament) the scene of the final battle between the kings of the Earth at the end of the world

From this reading “But just how wide is Armageddon?”

battleground noun US /ˈbætəlɡraʊnd/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading “In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.”

enhanced adjective US /enˈhænst/

increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality

From this reading “His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.”

Hollywood noun US /ˈhɑːliwʊd/

the film industry of the United States

From this reading “His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.”

potential adjective US /pəˈtenʃəl/

existing in possibility

From this reading “In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.”

unbiased adjective US /ˌʌnˈbaɪəst/

characterized by a lack of partiality

From this reading “_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human race adjective + noun

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

In this reading “We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.”

most gifted adverb + adjective

In this reading “_Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.”

appeared in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

acclaimedverbUS /əˈkleɪmd/

past form of “acclaim” — praise vociferously

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

alienadjectiveUS /ˈeɪliən/

not contained in or deriving from the essential nature of something

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

America'snounUS /əˈmerəkəz/

possessive form of “america” — North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

ArmageddonnounUS /ˌɑːrməˈɡedən/

(New Testament) the scene of the final battle between the kings of the Earth at the end of the world

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

BATTLEGROUNDnounUS /ˈbætəlɡraʊnd/

a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

criticnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

culturenounUS /ˈkʌltʃər/

a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

del

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

doomverbUS /duːm/

decree or designate beforehand

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

enhancedadjectiveUS /enˈhænst/

increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

ever-growing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

fictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

giftedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪftəd/

endowed with talent or talents

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

hangverbUS /hæŋ/

be suspended or hanging

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

HollywoodnounUS /ˈhɑːliwʊd/

the film industry of the United States

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

Lester

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

magazinesnounUS /ˈmæɡəziːnz/

plural of “magazine” — a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

outcomenounUS /ˈaʊtkʌm/

something that results

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

popularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

potentialadjectiveUS /pəˈtenʃəl/

existing in possibility

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

radionounUS /ˈreɪdioʊ/

medium for communication

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

rareadjectiveUS /rer/

not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

Rey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

surviveverbUS /sərˈvaɪv/

continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

themenounUS /θiːm/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

TVnounUS /ˈtiːˈviː/

broadcasting visual images of stationary or moving objects

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

unbiasedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈbaɪəst/

characterized by a lack of partiality

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We know that the human race must struggle to survive--and that on the outcome may hang disaster.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading But just how wide is Armageddon?

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading His work has appeared in many magazines, and Hollywood, radio, and TV have all enhanced his ever-growing popularity.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading In_ BATTLEGROUND _he has found a theme worthy of his rare talents--the doom potential in an alien culture_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _Lester del Rey would certainly be acclaimed by any unbiased critic as one of America's ten most gifted science fiction writers.

Chapter 1 of Battleground by Lester Del Rey holds 367 sentences, grouped into 74 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Battleground contain?

Chapter 1 holds 367 sentences of Battleground, unabridged, divided into 74 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Battleground by Lester Del Rey exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 367 sentences, grouped into 74 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Battleground?

Work through the 74 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 74 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Battleground

Common questions about reading Battleground by Lester Del Rey on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Battleground?

Yes. All 367 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73313 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Battleground is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73313, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Battleground take to read?

About 30 minutes of reading across 74 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Battleground section by section

How to work through Battleground section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Battleground to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Battleground

Words and structures a reader meets early in Battleground, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Battleground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Battleground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Survive--and
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Battleground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Outcome
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Battleground; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.