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Before Adam
Before Adam

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Before Adam is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Before Adam
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.
His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.
We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.
Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.
When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Before Adam

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Before Adam is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.
Line 2
His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.
/hɪz ˈmʌðər lɪvd ɪn ðə keɪvz bʌt tuː mɔːr ˈtʃɪldrən hæd kʌm ˈæftər hɪm ənd hiː hæd bɪn θrʌst aʊt tuː ʃɪft fɔːr hɪmˈself/
Line 3
We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.
/wiː hæd ˈwɪtnəst ðə pərˈfɔːrməns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsevrəl priˈsiːdɪŋ deɪz ənd ɪt hæd ˈɡɪvən ʌs noʊ ˈlɪtəl ɡliː/
Line 4
Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.
Line 5
When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.
/wen ʃiː rɪˈtɜːrnd ənd faʊnd hɪm ðer hɜːr ˈreɪdʒɪz wɜːr dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

caves noun US /keɪvz/

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading “His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.”

glee noun US /ɡliː/

great merriment

From this reading “We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.”

preceding adjective US /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading “We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.”

rages noun US /ˈreɪdʒɪz/

plural of “rage” — a feeling of intense anger

From this reading “When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.”

shift verb US /ʃɪft/

make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading “His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.”

sneaked verb US /sniːkt/

past form of “sneak” — to go stealthily or furtively

From this reading “Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.”

witnessed verb US /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading “We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.”

youngster noun US /ˈjʌŋstər/

a young person of either sex

From this reading “Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

Broken-Tooth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

cavenounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

cavesnounUS /keɪvz/

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

delightfuladjectiveUS /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

greatly pleasing or entertaining

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

gleenounUS /ɡliː/

great merriment

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

ragesnounUS /ˈreɪdʒɪz/

plural of “rage” — a feeling of intense anger

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

shiftverbUS /ʃɪft/

make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

sneakedverbUS /sniːkt/

past form of “sneak” — to go stealthily or furtively

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading His mother lived in the caves, but two more children had come after him and he had been thrust out to shift for himself.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Broken-Tooth did not want to go, and every time his mother left the cave he sneaked back into it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When she returned and found him there her rages were delightful.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading We had witnessed the performance during the several preceding days, and it had given us no little glee.

youngsternounUS /ˈjʌŋstər/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Broken-Tooth was another youngster who lived by himself.

Chapter 7 of Before Adam by Jack London holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Before Adam contain?

Chapter 7 holds 117 sentences of Before Adam, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Before Adam by Jack London exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Before Adam?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Before Adam

Common questions about reading Before Adam by Jack London on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Before Adam?

Yes. All 2488 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #310 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Before Adam is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #310, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Before Adam take to read?

About 207 minutes of reading across 498 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Before Adam section by section

How to work through Before Adam section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Before Adam to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Before Adam

Words and structures a reader meets early in Before Adam, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pictures
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before Adam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Often
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before Adam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Learned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before Adam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wonder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before Adam; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.