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Before the Dawn
Before the Dawn

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
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THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.
When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.
He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.
It is a land that deserves its name.
Nature there is cold and stern.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Before the Dawn

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 27 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.
/ðə ˈwɪldərnəs ðer ɪz ɪn vərˈdʒɪnjə ə ɡrɪm ənd ˈsterəl ˈriːdʒən ðə neɪm ʌv wɪtʃ noʊ əˈmerəkən ˈevər hiːrz wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈʃʌdər/
Line 2
When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.
/wen juː spiːk tuː hɪm ʌv ðə ˈwɪldərnəs ðə ˈfæn.təm ˈɑːrmiz raɪz bɪˈfɔːr hɪm ənd hiː hiːrz ðə ˈθʌndər ʌv ðə ɡʌnz æz ðə væst ˈstrʌɡəl swiːps θruː ɪts ʃeɪdz/
Line 3
He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.
/hiː siːz tuː ðə ˈliːdʒənz ʌv ðə ded struːn ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrəst ə ˈmaɪti hoʊst ənd hiː saɪz tuː θɪŋk soʊ ˈmeni ʌv hɪz ˈkʌntrimɪn ʃʊd hæv ˈfɑːlən ɪn ˈmjuːtʃuːəl straɪf/
Line 4
It is a land that deserves its name.
/ɪt ɪz ə lænd ðæt dɪˈzɜːrvz ɪts neɪm/
Line 5
Nature there is cold and stern.
/ˈneɪtʃər ðer ɪz koʊld ənd stɜːrn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

countrymen noun US /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading “He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.”

deserves verb US /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading “It is a land that deserves its name.”

legions noun US /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading “He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.”

phantom noun US /ˈfæn.təm/

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading “When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.”

sighs noun US /saɪz/

plural of “sigh” — an utterance made by exhaling audibly

From this reading “He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.”

sterile adjective US /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading “THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.”

strewn verb US /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading “He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.”

sweeps noun US /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading “When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Nature there is cold and stern.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading It is a land that deserves its name.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

hearsverbUS /hiːrz/

third-person singular of “hear” — perceive (sound) via the auditory sense

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a land that deserves its name.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading It is a land that deserves its name.

legionsnounUS /ˈliːdʒənz/

plural of “legion” — archaic terms for army

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

mutualadjectiveUS /ˈmjuːtʃuːəl/

common to or shared by two or more parties

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading Nature there is cold and stern.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

phantomnounUS /ˈfæn.təm/

A ghost or apparition; a figment of the imagination or a hidden dweller.

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

seesnounUS /siːz/

plural of “see” — the seat within a bishop's diocese where his cathedral is located

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

shadesnounUS /ʃeɪdz/

(plural) something that reminds you of someone or something

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

shudderverbUS /ˈʃʌdər/

shake, as from cold

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

sighsnounUS /saɪz/

plural of “sigh” — an utterance made by exhaling audibly

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

sterileadjectiveUS /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

sternadjectiveUS /stɜːrn/

of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading Nature there is cold and stern.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

sweepsnounUS /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is a land that deserves its name.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He sees, too, the legions of the dead strewn in the forest, a mighty host, and he sighs to think so many of his countrymen should have fallen in mutual strife.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

WILDERNESSnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading THE WILDERNESS There is in Virginia a grim and sterile region the name of which no American ever hears without a shudder.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading When you speak to him of the Wilderness, the phantom armies rise before him and he hears the thunder of the guns as the vast struggle sweeps through its shades.

Chapter 16 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 27 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Before the Dawn contain?

Chapter 16 holds 27 sentences of Before the Dawn, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 27 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Before the Dawn?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Before the Dawn

Common questions about reading Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Before the Dawn?

Yes. All 6576 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21321 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Before the Dawn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21321, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Before the Dawn take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Before the Dawn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Before the Dawn

Words and structures a reader meets early in Before the Dawn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Modest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prescott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Turned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.