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Before the Dawn
Before the Dawn

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.
Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.
Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.
If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."
Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Before the Dawn

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.
Line 2
Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.
/hiːr ðə rɪˈmɔːrsləs ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz leɪ/
Line 3
Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.
/ˈhjuːmən laɪf hæd bɪˈkʌm ə ˈlɪtəl θɪŋ ənd ˈæftər ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ʃɑːt ðeɪ ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒd rɪˈmɑːrks æz ˈhʌntərz duː wen ðeɪ kɪl ə bɜːrd ɑːn ðə wɪŋ/
Line 4
If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."
/ɪf ˈevər ðer wɑːz ə noʊ mænz lænd ɪt wɑːz ðə speɪs bɪˈtwiːn ðə tuː ˈɑːrmiz wɪtʃ hæd ˈæptli bɪn kɔːld ðə pleɪn ʌv deθ/
Line 5
Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.
/ˈeni wʌn huː ˈventʃərd əˈpɑːn ɪt θɔːt ˈveri ˈlɪtəl ʌv ðɪs laɪf ənd ɪt wɑːz wel ðæt hiː ʃʊd æz hiː hæd ˈlɪtəl ʌv ɪt left tuː θɪŋk əˈbaʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aptly adverb US /ˈæptli/

with competence; in a competent capable manner

From this reading “If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."”

chilly adjective US /ˈtʃɪli/

not characterized by emotion

From this reading “THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.”

hunters noun US /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading “Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.”

remorseless adjective US /rɪˈmɔːrsləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading “Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.”

richmond noun US /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading “THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.”

ridges noun US /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading “THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.”

sharpshooters noun US /ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz/

plural of “sharpshooter” — an athlete noted for accurate aim

From this reading “Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.”

sodden adjective US /ˈsɑːdən/

wet through and through; thoroughly wet

From this reading “THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

aptlyadverbUS /ˈæptli/

with competence; in a competent capable manner

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

armiesnounUS /ˈɑːrmiz/

plural of “army” — a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

becomingadjectiveUS /bɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

according with custom or propriety

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

chillyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪli/

not characterized by emotion

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

DeathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

earthworks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

exchangedadjectiveUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒd/

changed for (replaced by) something different

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

FALLverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.

HumanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

instantnounUS /ˈɪnstənt/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

LandnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

Man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

overheadadverbUS /ˈoʊvərˈhed/

above your head; in the sky

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

PlainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

remarksnounUS /rɪˈmɑːrks/

plural of “remark” — a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

remorselessadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɔːrsləs/

without mercy or pity

From this reading Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.

RICHMONDnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

ridgesnounUS /ˈrɪdʒəz/

plural of “ridge” — a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

sharpshootersnounUS /ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz/

plural of “sharpshooter” — an athlete noted for accurate aim

From this reading Here the remorseless sharpshooters lay.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

soddenadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːdən/

wet through and through; thoroughly wet

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If ever there was a "No Man's Land," it was the space between the two armies which had aptly been called the "Plain of Death."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Any one who ventured upon it thought very little of this life, and it was well that he should, as he had little of it left to think about.

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading Human life had become a little thing, and after a difficult shot they exchanged remarks as hunters do when they kill a bird on the wing.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading THE FALL OF RICHMOND Two long lines of earthworks faced each other across a sodden field; overhead a chilly sky let fall a chilly rain; behind the low ridges of earth two armies faced each other, and whether in rain or in sunshine, no head rose above either wall without becoming an instant mark for a rifle that never missed.

Chapter 28 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 288 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Before the Dawn contain?

Chapter 28 holds 288 sentences of Before the Dawn, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 288 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Before the Dawn?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Before the Dawn

Common questions about reading Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Before the Dawn?

Yes. All 6576 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21321 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Before the Dawn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21321, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Before the Dawn take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Before the Dawn section by section

How to work through Before the Dawn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Before the Dawn to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Before the Dawn

Words and structures a reader meets early in Before the Dawn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Modest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prescott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Turned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.