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Before the Dawn
Before the Dawn

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.
Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.
Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.
A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.
The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Before the Dawn

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of Before the Dawn is here in full — 47 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.
/ðə kɔɪn ʌv ɡoʊld ˈpreskɑːt hæd bɪn æt hoʊm sʌm mʌnθs/
Line 2
Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.
/ˈdʒɑːnstənz ˈɑːrmi tuː hæd sərˈendərd/
Line 3
Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.
/ˈevriwer ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz ʌv ðə saʊθ ˈsiːɪŋ ðæt ˈfɜːrðər rɪˈzɪstəns wʊd biː ˈkrɪmənəl leɪd daʊn ðer ɑːrmz/
Line 4
A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.
/ə ˈmaɪti wɔːr weɪdʒd fɔːr fɔːr jɪrz wɪð ənˈperəleld təˈnæsɪti ənd struːn ɔːl ðə weɪ wɪð trəˈmendəs ˈbætəlz siːst wɪð əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ ˈkwɪknəs/
Line 5
The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Johnston's noun US /ˈdʒɑːnstənz/

possessive form of “johnston” — Confederate general in the American Civil War; led the Confederate troops in the West (1807-1891)

From this reading “Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.”

Prescott noun US /ˈpreskɑːt/

a town in central Arizona

From this reading “THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.”

quickness noun US /ˈkwɪknəs/

skillful performance or ability without difficulty

From this reading “A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.”

rebuilding noun US /riˈbɪldɪŋ/

building again

From this reading “The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.”

sanguine adjective US /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading “The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.”

tenacity noun US /təˈnæsɪti/

persistent determination

From this reading “A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.”

unparalleled adjective US /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading “A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.”

waged verb US /weɪdʒd/

past form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading “A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

astonishingadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

COINverbUS /kɔɪn/

make up

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

criminaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmənəl/

bringing or deserving severe rebuke or censure

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

EverywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

GOLDnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

Johnston'snounUS /ˈdʒɑːnstənz/

possessive form of “johnston” — Confederate general in the American Civil War; led the Confederate troops in the West (1807-1891)

From this reading Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

newspapernounUS /ˈnuːzpeɪpər/

a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

planningnounUS /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

PrescottnounUS /ˈpreskɑːt/

a town in central Arizona

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

quicknessnounUS /ˈkwɪknəs/

skillful performance or ability without difficulty

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

rebuildingnounUS /riˈbɪldɪŋ/

building again

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

sanguineadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

confidently optimistic and cheerful

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.

tenacitynounUS /təˈnæsɪti/

persistent determination

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COIN OF GOLD Prescott had been at home some months.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Johnston's army, too, had surrendered.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

unparalleledadjectiveUS /ənˈperəleld/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

wagedverbUS /weɪdʒd/

past form of “wage” — carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

Winthrop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Everywhere the soldiers of the South, seeing that further resistance would be criminal, laid down their arms.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A mighty war, waged for four years with unparalleled tenacity and strewn all the way with tremendous battles, ceased with astonishing quickness.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading The people of Richmond were already planning the rebuilding of the city; the youthful were looking forward with hope to the future, and not the least sanguine among them were a little group gathered as of old in the newspaper office of Winthrop.

Chapter 30 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler holds 47 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Before the Dawn contain?

Chapter 30 holds 47 sentences of Before the Dawn, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 47 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Before the Dawn?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Before the Dawn

Common questions about reading Before the Dawn by Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander) Altsheler on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Before the Dawn?

Yes. All 6576 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21321 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Before the Dawn is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21321, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Before the Dawn take to read?

About 548 minutes of reading across 1316 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Before the Dawn section by section

How to work through Before the Dawn section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Before the Dawn to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Before the Dawn

Words and structures a reader meets early in Before the Dawn, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Modest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prescott
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Turned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Before the Dawn; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.