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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin is here in full — 4531 sentences across 907 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Benjamin Franklin
Context Illustration Reading 1/906 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
1.
Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.
If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.
First, make sure that your browser’s character set or file encoding is set to Unicode (UTF-8).
You may also need to change the default font.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Benjamin Franklin

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin is here in full — 4531 sentences across 907 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/906 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1.
Line 2
Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.
Line 3
If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.
/ɪf ðə əˈpɑːstrəfiːz ənd kwoʊˈteɪʃən mɑːrks ɪn ðɪs ˈpærəɡræf əˈpɪr æz ˈɡɑːrbɪdʒ juː meɪ hæv æn ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl ˈbraʊzər ɔːr ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl fɑːnts/
Line 4
First, make sure that your browser’scharacter setorfile encodingis set to Unicode (UTF-8).
Line 5
You may also need to change the default font.
/juː meɪ ˈɔːlsoʊ niːd tuː tʃeɪndʒ ðə dɪˈfɔːlt fɑːnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apostrophes noun US /əˈpɑːstrəfiːz/

plural of “apostrophe” — address to an absent or imaginary person

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

browser noun US /ˈbraʊzər/

a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

encoding noun US /enˈkoʊdɪŋ/

the activity of converting data or information into code

From this reading “Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.”

fonts noun US /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

garbage noun US /ˈɡɑːrbɪdʒ/

food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

incompatible adjective US /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl/

not compatible

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

spacing noun US /ˈspeɪsɪŋ/

the time between occurrences of a repeating event

From this reading “Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.”

unavailable adjective US /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/

not available or accessible or at hand

From this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

quotation marks noun + noun

In this reading “If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.”

make sure verb + adjective

make a point of doing something; act purposefully and intentionally

In this reading “First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

apostrophesnounUS /əˈpɑːstrəfiːz/

plural of “apostrophe” — address to an absent or imaginary person

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

browsernounUS /ˈbraʊzər/

a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything in particular

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

browser's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

defaultnounUS /dɪˈfɔːlt/

loss due to not showing up

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

encodingnounUS /enˈkoʊdɪŋ/

the activity of converting data or information into code

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

fileverbUS /faɪl/

record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

fontnounUS /fɑːnt/

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

fontsnounUS /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

garbagenounUS /ˈɡɑːrbɪdʒ/

food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

gesperrt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

incompatibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl/

not compatible

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

italicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading You may also need to change the default font.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

PassagesnounUS /ˈpæsədʒəz/

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

quotationnounUS /kwoʊˈteɪʃən/

a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

spacingnounUS /ˈspeɪsɪŋ/

the time between occurrences of a repeating event

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

unavailableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/

not available or accessible or at hand

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

unicode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

usesnounUS /ˈjuːsəz/

plural of “use” — the act of using

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

UTF

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

WordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_ Words with gesperrt (wide) letter spacing are surrounded with =equals= This text uses UTF-8 (unicode) file encoding.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading First, make sure that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).

Chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin holds 4531 sentences, grouped into 907 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin contain?

Chapter 1 holds 4531 sentences of Benjamin Franklin, unabridged, divided into 907 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 4531 sentences, grouped into 907 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Benjamin Franklin?

Work through the 907 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 907 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Benjamin Franklin

Common questions about reading Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Benjamin Franklin?

Yes. All 10386 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35508 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Benjamin Franklin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35508, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Benjamin Franklin take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2078 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Benjamin Franklin section by section

How to work through Benjamin Franklin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Benjamin Franklin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Benjamin Franklin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Benjamin Franklin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Benjamin Franklin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Benjamin Franklin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Benjamin Franklin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Benjamin Franklin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.