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Best Russian Short Stories
Best Russian Short Stories

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In this manner did it all come about.
We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.
When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.
However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.
No respect was shown him in the department.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Best Russian Short Stories

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories is here in full — 413 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In this manner did it all come about.
/ɪn ðɪs ˈmænər dɪd ɪt ɔːl kʌm əˈbaʊt/
Line 2
We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.
/wiː hæv ˈmenʃənd ɪt ɪn ˈɔːrdər ðæt ðə ˈriːdər maɪt siː fɔːr hɪmˈself ðæt ɪt wɑːz ə keɪs ʌv nəˈsesəti ənd ðæt ɪt wɑːz ˈʌtərli ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ɡɪv hɪm ˈeni ˈʌðər neɪm/
Line 3
When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.
Line 4
However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.
Line 5
No respect was shown him in the department.
/noʊ rɪˈspekt wɑːz ʃoʊn hɪm ɪn ðə dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affirmed noun US /əˈfɜːrmd/

thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1978

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

bald adjective US /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

chiefs noun US /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

department noun US /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading “When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.”

directors noun US /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

kinds noun US /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

occupation noun US /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

uniform adjective US /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading “However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

affirmednounUS /əˈfɜːrmd/

thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1978

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

afterwardsadverbUS /ˈæftərwərdz/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

baldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

clerknounUS /klɜːrk/

an employee who performs clerical work (e.g., keeps records or accounts)

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

directorsnounUS /dərˈektərz/

plural of “director” — someone who controls resources and expenditures

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

letter-copying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading No respect was shown him in the department.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading No respect was shown him in the department.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this manner did it all come about.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

uniformadjectiveUS /ˈjuːnəfɔːrm/

always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have mentioned it in order that the reader might see for himself that it was a case of necessity, and that it was utterly impossible to give him any other name.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When and how he entered the department, and who appointed him, no one could remember.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading However much the directors and chiefs of all kinds were changed, he was always to be seen in the same place, the same attitude, the same occupation--always the letter-copying clerk--so that it was afterwards affirmed that he had been born in uniform with a bald head.

Chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories by Thomas [Editor] Seltzer holds 413 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories contain?

Chapter 3 holds 413 sentences of Best Russian Short Stories, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories by Thomas [Editor] Seltzer exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 413 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Best Russian Short Stories?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Best Russian Short Stories

Common questions about reading Best Russian Short Stories by Thomas [Editor] Seltzer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Best Russian Short Stories?

Yes. All 6135 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13437 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Best Russian Short Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13437, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Best Russian Short Stories take to read?

About 511 minutes of reading across 1227 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Best Russian Short Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in Best Russian Short Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Compiled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Best Russian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
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Thomas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Best Russian Short Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seltzer
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