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Beyond the Old Frontier
Beyond the Old Frontier

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Beyond the Old Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.
So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.
In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.
One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.
To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Beyond the Old Frontier

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier is here in full — 433 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə θɜːrd deɪ aɪ dɪˈskʌvərd ðæt ðə tuː ˈwɪmən wɜːr tuː hæv bɪn ˈiːðər kɪld ɔːr ˈteɪkən frʌm ʌs ənd meɪd sleɪvz/
Line 2
So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.
Line 3
In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.
Line 4
One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.
/wʌn ʌv ðem hæd ə tʃaɪld æt ðə brest wɪtʃ ˌɪnˈkriːst ðə ˈdɪfəkəlti/
Line 5
To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.
/tuː əˈtempt ˈsendɪŋ ðem bæk baɪ ðə roʊd ðeɪ keɪm wʊd hæv bɪn ˈsækrəfaɪsɪŋ ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

critical adjective US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading “In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.”

delay verb US /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading “In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.”

devise verb US /dɪˈvaɪz/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.”

increased adjective US /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading “One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.”

sacrificing verb US /ˈsækrəfaɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading “To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.”

sending noun US /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading “To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.”

slaves noun US /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading ““During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.”

stir verb US /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading “So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

third day noun + noun

In this reading ““During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.”

devise some verb + adjective

In this reading “So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.”

some means adjective + noun

In this reading “So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.”

two women noun + noun counted as “two woman”

In this reading ““During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.”

All words in this reading · 78

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

conjuncturenoun

a critical combination of events or circumstances

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

delayverbUS /dɪˈleɪ/

cause to be slowed down or delayed

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

deviseverbUS /dɪˈvaɪz/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

escapenounUS /ɪˈskeɪp/

the act of escaping physically

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

sacrificingverbUS /ˈsækrəfaɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

unobservedadjective

not seen or observed

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading One of them had a child at the breast, which increased the difficulty.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In this critical conjuncture, however, something had to be done, and that without delay.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading “During the third day I discovered that the two women were to have been either killed or taken from us and made slaves.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading To attempt sending them back by the road they came, would have been sacrificing them.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading So surrounded were we for miles on every side, that we could not stir unobserved; yet we had to devise some means for their escape, and to get them clear of the camp was a task of no ordinary difficulty and danger.

Chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell holds 433 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier contain?

Chapter 2 holds 433 sentences of Beyond the Old Frontier, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 433 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Beyond the Old Frontier?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Beyond the Old Frontier

Common questions about reading Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Beyond the Old Frontier?

Yes. All 3424 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Beyond the Old Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Beyond the Old Frontier take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Beyond the Old Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Beyond the Old Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.