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Beyond the Old Frontier
Beyond the Old Frontier

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Beyond the Old Frontier
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.
John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.
When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.
Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.
He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Beyond the Old Frontier

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.
/ˈɜːrli ɪn noʊˈvembər hiː ˈstɑːrtɪd fɔːr ðə ʃaɪˈen ˈvɪlədʒ wɪð dʒɑːn smɪθ huː wɪð hɪz waɪf hɪz ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ dʒæk ənd ə kəˈneɪdiən wɜːr ˈsetɪŋ aʊt fɔːr ðə ˈvɪlədʒ tuː treɪd fɔːr roʊbz/
Line 2
John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.
/dʒɑːn smɪθ ɪz bɪˈliːvd tuː hæv bɪn ðə fɜːrst waɪt mæn ˈevər tuː lɜːrn ðə ʃaɪˈen ˈlæŋɡwədʒ soʊ æz tuː biː ˈeɪbəl tuː ˌɪnˈtɜːrprət ɪt ˈɪntuː ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
Line 3
When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.
Line 4
Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.
/ˈɜːrli ɪn hɪz laɪf ɑːn ðə pleɪnz hiː hæd ˈmerid ə ʃaɪˈen ˈwʊmən ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈɪntəmət riˈleɪʃənz wɪð ðə traɪb əˈmʌŋ huːm hiː rɪˈmeɪnd fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz/
Line 5
He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Canadian adjective US /kəˈneɪdiən/

of or relating to Canada or its people

From this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

Cheyenne noun US /ʃaɪˈen/

the capital and largest city of Wyoming; located in the southeastern corner of the state

From this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

Cheyennes noun US /ʃaɪˈenz/

plural of “cheyenne” — the capital and largest city of Wyoming; located in the southeastern corner of the state

From this reading “He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.”

interpret verb US /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprət/

make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading “John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.”

November noun US /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

robes noun US /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

skins noun US /skɪnz/

plural of “skin” — a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading “He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

intimate relations adjective + noun

In this reading “Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.”

many years adjective + noun

In this reading “When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.”

little boy adjective + noun

In this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

white man noun + noun

a man who is White

In this reading “John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.”

killed by verb + particle counted as “kill by”

In this reading “He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.”

started for verb + particle counted as “start for”

In this reading “Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1864

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

BentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

CanadianadjectiveUS /kəˈneɪdiən/

of or relating to Canada or its people

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

CheyennenounUS /ʃaɪˈen/

the capital and largest city of Wyoming; located in the southeastern corner of the state

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

CheyennesnounUS /ʃaɪˈenz/

plural of “cheyenne” — the capital and largest city of Wyoming; located in the southeastern corner of the state

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

Chivington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

CreeknounUS /kriːk/

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

EarlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

Garrard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

interpretverbUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrprət/

make sense of; assign a meaning to

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

lodgeverbUS /lɑːdʒ/

be a lodger; stay temporarily

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

relationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

robesnounUS /roʊbz/

plural of “robe” — any loose flowing garment

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

SandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

skinsnounUS /skɪnz/

plural of “skin” — a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

Vrain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He was present in the camp of the Cheyennes during the Chivington massacre at Sand Creek, in 1864, at which time his son, Jack, the child mentioned by Garrard in this volume, was killed by the soldiers, being shot in the back by a soldier who saw his shadow on the lodge skins and fired at it.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading John Smith is believed to have been the first white man ever to learn the Cheyenne language, so as to be able to interpret it into English.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Early in November he started for the Cheyenne village with John Smith, who, with his wife, his little boy Jack, and a Canadian, were setting out for the village to trade for robes.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Early in his life on the plains he had married a Cheyenne woman and established intimate relations with the tribe, among whom he remained for many years.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading When he made his appearance on the plains we do not know, but he was there in the ’30’s, and for many years was employed by Bent and St. Vrain to follow the Indians about and trade with them for robes.

Chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier contain?

Chapter 6 holds 417 sentences of Beyond the Old Frontier, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Beyond the Old Frontier?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Beyond the Old Frontier

Common questions about reading Beyond the Old Frontier by George Bird Grinnell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Beyond the Old Frontier?

Yes. All 3424 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #54125 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Beyond the Old Frontier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #54125, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Beyond the Old Frontier take to read?

About 285 minutes of reading across 685 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Beyond the Old Frontier section by section

How to work through Beyond the Old Frontier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Beyond the Old Frontier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Beyond the Old Frontier

Words and structures a reader meets early in Beyond the Old Frontier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Beyond the Old Frontier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.