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Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.
Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.
In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.
The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.
Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.
At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Chapter XXV

Chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is here in full — 132 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.
Line 2
In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.
/ɪn ðə peɪl ɡreɪ dɔːn ʌv ə noʊˈvembər ˈmɔːrnɪŋ jet əˈnʌðər ˈstreɪfɪŋ ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən wɑːz əˈbaʊt tuː teɪk pleɪs/
Line 3
The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.
Line 4
Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.
Line 5
At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bombing noun US /ˈbɑːmɪŋ/

an attack by dropping bombs

From this reading “THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.”

destroyers noun US /dɪˈstrɔɪərz/

plural of “destroyer” — a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship

From this reading “At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.”

dunes noun US /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading “Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.”

Hippodrome noun US /ˈhɪpədroʊm/

a stadium for horse shows or horse races

From this reading “At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.”

hornets noun US /ˈhɔːrnəts/

plural of “hornet” — large stinging paper wasp

From this reading “The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.”

liners noun US /ˈlaɪnərz/

plural of “liner” — (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading “At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.”

monitors noun US /ˈmɑːnətərz/

plural of “monitor” — someone who supervises (an examination)

From this reading “Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.”

strafing verb US /ˈstreɪfɪŋ/

-ing form of “strafe” — attack with machine guns or cannon fire from a low-flying plane

From this reading “In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eastern sky adjective + noun

In this reading “Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.”

considerable distance adjective + noun

In this reading “At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.”

grey dawn adjective + noun

In this reading “In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.”

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.”

in readiness preposition + noun

In this reading “Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.”

take place verb + noun

come to pass

In this reading “In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.”

just visible adverb + adjective

In this reading “Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.”

more daring adjective + noun

In this reading “At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

abeamadverb

at right angles to the length of a ship or airplane

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

aheadadverbUS /əˈhed/

at or in the front

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

ApproachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

ArenanounUS /ərˈiːnə/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

asternadverb

stern foremost or backward

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

BelgianadjectiveUS /ˈbeldʒən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium or the Belgian people

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

boatsnounUS /boʊts/

plural of “boat” — a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

BOMBINGnounUS /ˈbɑːmɪŋ/

an attack by dropping bombs

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

cockedverbUS /kɑːkt/

past form of “cock” — tilt or slant to one side

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

convertedverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪd/

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

cowardlyadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊərdli/

lacking courage; ignobly timid and faint-hearted

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

Cursus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

destroyersnounUS /dɪˈstrɔɪərz/

plural of “destroyer” — a small fast lightly armored but heavily armed warship

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

dunesnounUS /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

EXPEDITIONnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

far-flungadjective

distributed over a considerable extent

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

fishingnounUS /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/

the act of someone who fishes as a diversion

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

grotesqueadjectiveUS /ɡroʊˈtesk/

distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal and hideous

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

HippodromenounUS /ˈhɪpədroʊm/

a stadium for horse shows or horse races

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

hornetsnounUS /ˈhɔːrnəts/

plural of “hornet” — large stinging paper wasp

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

Huns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

linersnounUS /ˈlaɪnərz/

plural of “liner” — (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

missionnounUS /ˈmɪʃən/

an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

monitorsnounUS /ˈmɑːnətərz/

plural of “monitor” — someone who supervises (an examination)

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

OFFadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

operationnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃən/

the state of being in effect or being operative

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

patrolnounUS /pəˈtroʊl/

a detachment used for security or reconnaissance

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

promptlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːmptli/

with little or no delay

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

scotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

seaplane-carriers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

six-mile

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

strafingverbUS /ˈstreɪfɪŋ/

-ing form of “strafe” — attack with machine guns or cannon fire from a low-flying plane

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

swarmnounUS /swɔːrm/

a moving crowd

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

torpedonounUS /tɔːrˈpiːdoʊ/

a professional killer who uses a gun

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

U-boatnoun

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

undulatingverbUS /ˈʌndʒəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “undulate” — stir up (water) so as to form ripples

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Approaching the coast, the undulating dunes of which were just visible against the pale light of the eastern sky, were eight monitors, their powerful guns cocked up at a grotesque angle in readiness to open fire at a six-mile range.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Huns, who had converted the peaceful little Belgian fishing port into a hornets' nest, were to be allowed no rest.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading At a considerable distance astern were the seaplane-carriers "Hippodrome," "Arena" and "Cursus," while in a far-flung line ahead, astern and abeam, were the swarm of destroyers and patrol boats whose mission it was to promptly "scotch" any U-boat that, more daring than the rest of the cowardly crew, might attempt to let loose a torpedo at the converted liners.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading In the pale grey dawn of a November morning yet another strafing operation was about to take place.

Zeebrugge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BOMBING EXPEDITION OFF Zeebrugge once more.

Chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 132 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. contain?

Chapter 25 holds 132 sentences of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S., unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 132 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Common questions about reading Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.?

Yes. All 5519 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35362 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35362, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. take to read?

About 459 minutes of reading across 1104 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. section by section

How to work through Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bells
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Watch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Somewhere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.