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Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.
Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.
Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.
In breathless suspense he waited.
The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.
He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.
"You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.
Line 2
In breathless suspense he waited.
/ɪn ˈbreθləs səˈspens hiː ˈweɪtɪd/
Line 3
The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.
/ðə ˈklætər ʌv ðə ˈhɔːrsəz hʊfs siːst/
Line 4
He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.
Line 5
"You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bundles noun US /ˈbʌndəlz/

plural of “bundle” — a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

clatter noun US /ˈklætər/

a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

From this reading “The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.”

Corporal noun US /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

a noncommissioned officer in the Army or Air Force or Marines

From this reading “"You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.”

crouched verb US /kraʊtʃt/

past form of “crouch” — bend one's back forward from the waist on down

From this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

frontier noun US /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

horse's noun US /ˈhɔːrsəz/

possessive form of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading “The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.”

rejoin verb US /riˈdʒɔɪn/

join again

From this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

resisting verb US /rɪˈzɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

breathless suspense adjective + noun

In this reading “In breathless suspense he waited.”

horse's hoofs noun + noun counted as “horse hoof”

In this reading “The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.”

first impulse adjective + noun

In this reading “THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

Barcroft

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

breathlessadjectiveUS /ˈbreθləs/

not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty

From this reading In breathless suspense he waited.

bundlesnounUS /ˈbʌndəlz/

plural of “bundle” — a collection of things wrapped or boxed together

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

canvasnounUS /ˈkænvəs/

a heavy, closely woven fabric (used for clothing or chairs or sails or tents)

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.

clatternounUS /ˈklætər/

a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

From this reading The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

CorporalnounUS /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

a noncommissioned officer in the Army or Air Force or Marines

From this reading "You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

crouchedverbUS /kraʊtʃt/

past form of “crouch” — bend one's back forward from the waist on down

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

dismountverb

alight from (a horse)

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

FRONTIERnounUS /frənˈtɪr/

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In breathless suspense he waited.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.

horse'snounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

possessive form of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The clatter of the horse's hoofs ceased.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In breathless suspense he waited.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

Pfeil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

rejoinverbUS /riˈdʒɔɪn/

join again

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

RESISTINGverbUS /rɪˈzɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

ridernounUS /ˈraɪdər/

a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

shoutedadjectiveUS /ˈʃaʊtɪd/

in a vehement outcry

From this reading "You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading He heard the rider dismount as his boots struck the ground.

suspensenounUS /səˈspens/

apprehension about what is going to happen

From this reading In breathless suspense he waited.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

unsavouryadjective

morally offensive

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE FRONTIER RESISTING his first impulse to rejoin his companions Barcroft crouched upon the unsavoury bundles and drew the corner of the painted canvas cover over his head.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading In breathless suspense he waited.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "You there, Corporal Pfeil?" he shouted.

Chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. contain?

Chapter 31 holds 103 sentences of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S., unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Common questions about reading Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.?

Yes. All 5519 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #35362 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #35362, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. take to read?

About 459 minutes of reading across 1104 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. section by section

How to work through Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 39 chapters of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bells
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Watch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Somewhere
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Barcroft, R.N.A.S.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.