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Billy Budd
Billy Budd

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Billy Budd is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.
But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.
In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.
In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.
But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Billy Budd

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Billy Budd is here in full — 427 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.
Line 2
But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.
/bʌt taɪmz ˈmoʊmənts stɪl kiːp dɪˈsendɪŋ əˈpɑːn ðə ˈkwaɪətəst ˈaʊər ənd ðoʊ ɪt wɜːr ˈædəmənt ðeɪ wʊd wer ɪt/
Line 3
In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.
Line 4
In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.
Line 5
But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.
/bʌt let ʌs kʌm tuː ðə kloʊs ʌv ə sketʃ ˌnesəˈserəli ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adamant adjective US /ˈædəmənt/

impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason

From this reading “But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.”

affects noun US /əˈfekts/

plural of “affect” — the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion

From this reading “In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.”

imperfect adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading “But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.”

mellow adjective US /ˈmeloʊ/

unhurried and relaxed

From this reading “In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.”

quietest adjective US /ˈkwaɪətəst/

superlative of “quiet” — characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading “But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.”

retirement noun US /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.”

softens verb US /ˈsɔːfənz/

third-person singular of “soften” — make (images or sounds) soft or softer

From this reading “In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.”

Time's noun US /taɪmz/

possessive form of “time” — an instance or single occasion for some event

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

adamantadjectiveUS /ˈædəmənt/

impervious to pleas, persuasion, requests, reason

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

affectsnounUS /əˈfekts/

plural of “affect” — the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

consciencenounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəns/

motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

disturbverbUS /dɪˈstɜːrb/

move deeply

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

drowsingadjective

half asleep

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

giantnounUS /ˈdʒaɪənt/

any creature of exceptional size

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

hazenounUS /heɪz/

atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

imperfectadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɜːrfɪkt/

not perfect; defective or inadequate

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

mellowadjectiveUS /ˈmeloʊ/

unhurried and relaxed

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

naturesnounUS /ˈneɪtʃərz/

plural of “nature” — the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

Orme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

quietestadjectiveUS /ˈkwaɪətəst/

superlative of “quiet” — characterized by an absence or near absence of agitation or activity

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

retirementnounUS /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

sailorsnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

sketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

softensverbUS /ˈsɔːfənz/

third-person singular of “soften” — make (images or sounds) soft or softer

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

superannuatedadjective

too old to be useful

From this reading In his retirement the superannuated giant begins to mellow down into a sort of animal decay.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

Time'snounUS /taɪmz/

possessive form of “time” — an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But let us come to the close of a sketch necessarily imperfect.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In hard, rude natures, especially such as have passed their lives among the elements, farmers or sailors, this animal decay mostly affects the memory by casting a haze over it; not seldom, it softens the heart as well, besides more or less, perhaps, drowsing the conscience, innocent or otherwise.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading So Orme pursued his solitary way with not much from without to disturb him.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But Time’s moments still keep descending upon the quietest hour, and though it were adamant they would wear it.

Chapter 4 of Billy Budd by Herman Melville holds 427 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Billy Budd contain?

Chapter 4 holds 427 sentences of Billy Budd, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Billy Budd by Herman Melville exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 427 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Billy Budd?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Billy Budd

Common questions about reading Billy Budd by Herman Melville on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Billy Budd?

Yes. All 5450 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76513 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Billy Budd is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76513, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Billy Budd take to read?

About 454 minutes of reading across 1090 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Billy Budd section by section

How to work through Billy Budd section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Billy Budd to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Billy Budd

Words and structures a reader meets early in Billy Budd, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Budd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Budd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Budd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Billy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Billy Budd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.