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Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
6 July 1794.
You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.
&c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.
Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.
I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 16 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
6 July 1794.
Line 2
You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.
Line 3
&c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.
/siː ˌhaʊˈevər æz aɪ mʌst nɑːt θæŋk juː aɪ wɪl θæŋk maɪ stɑːrz/
Line 4
Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.
Line 5
I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blighted adjective US /ˈblaɪtɪd/

affected by blight; anything that mars or prevents growth or prosperity

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

cornfield noun US /ˈkɔːrnfiːld/

a field planted with corn

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

flourishes noun US /ˈflɜːrɪʃəz/

plural of “flourish” — a showy gesture

From this reading “You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.”

liken verb US /ˈlaɪkən/

consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

owls noun US /aʊlz/

plural of “owl” — nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

plies noun US /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

poppy noun US /ˈpɑːpi/

annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

soaring adjective US /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading “I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1794

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6 July 1794.

6

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 6 July 1794.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

averseadjectiveUS /əˈvɜːrs/

(usually followed by “to”) strongly opposed

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

blightedadjectiveUS /ˈblaɪtɪd/

affected by blight; anything that mars or prevents growth or prosperity

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

cornfieldnounUS /ˈkɔːrnfiːld/

a field planted with corn

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

flourishesnounUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃəz/

plural of “flourish” — a showy gesture

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

gratitudinarian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

hospitalitynounUS /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

JulynounUS /ˌdʒuːˈlaɪ/

the month following June and preceding August

From this reading 6 July 1794.

larknounUS /lɑːrk/

North American songbirds having a yellow breast

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

likenverbUS /ˈlaɪkən/

consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

matin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

molenounUS /moʊl/

the molecular weight of a substance expressed in grams; the basic unit of amount of substance adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

nightingalenounUS /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/

European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

nodsnounUS /nɑːdz/

plural of “nod” — a sign of assent or salutation or command

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

owlsnounUS /aʊlz/

plural of “owl” — nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

pliesnounUS /plaɪz/

plural of “ply” — one of the strands twisted together to make yarn or rope or thread; often used in combination

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

poppynounUS /ˈpɑːpi/

annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

red-cowled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

sleepyadjectiveUS /ˈsliːpi/

ready to fall asleep

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

soaringadjectiveUS /ˈsɔːrɪŋ/

ascending to a level markedly higher than the usual

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

songless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

Southeynoun

English poet and friend of Wordsworth and Coleridge (1774-1843)

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

starsnounUS /stɑːrz/

plural of “star” — (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

thankverbUS /θæŋk/

express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

Verilyadverb

in truth; certainly

From this reading Verily, Southey, I like not Oxford, nor the inhabitants of it.

weak-eyed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading &c.; however, as I must not thank you, I will thank my stars.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I would say thou art a nightingale among owls; but thou art so songless and heavy towards night that I will rather liken thee to the matin lark, thy "nest" is in a blighted cornfield, where the sleepy poppy nods its red-cowled head, and the weak-eyed mole plies his dark work; but thy soaring is even unto heaven.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading You are averse to gratitudinarian flourishes, else would I talk about hospitality, attention, &c.

Chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 16 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 17 holds 16 sentences of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 16 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.