Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
(----1794).
Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.
A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.
Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.
In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
(----1794).
Line 2
Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.
/sɜːr jɔːr ˈbrʌðər hæz ˌɪntrəˈduːst maɪ neɪm tuː juː aɪ ʃæl ˈðerfɔːr ˈɔːfər noʊ əˈpɑːlədʒiː fɔːr ðɪs ˈletər/
Line 3
A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.
/ə smɔːl bʌt ˈlɪbɜːrəlaɪzd ˈpɑːrti hæv fɔːrmd ə skiːm ʌv ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən ɑːn ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz ʌv æn ˌæbəˈlɪʃən ʌv ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈprɑːpərti/
Line 4
Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.
Line 5
In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolition noun US /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)

From this reading “A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.”

component noun US /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading “In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.”

contracts noun US /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading “In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.”

distribution noun US /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

From this reading “Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.”

elucidate verb US /ɪˈluːsədeɪt/

make clear and (more) comprehensible

From this reading “Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.”

emigration noun US /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading “A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.”

liberalized verb US /ˈlɪbɜːrəlaɪzd/

past form of “liberalize” — make liberal or more liberal, of laws and rules

From this reading “A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.”

regulation noun US /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/

an authoritative rule

From this reading “In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1794

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading (----1794).

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

abolitionnounUS /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

the act of abolishing a system or practice or institution (especially abolishing slavery)

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

apologynounUS /əˈpɑːlədʒiː/

an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

approbationnounUS /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

official approval

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

argumentsnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənts/

plural of “argument” — a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

codenounUS /koʊd/

a set of rules or principles or laws (especially written ones)

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

componentnounUS /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

contractsnounUS /ˈkɑːntrækts/

plural of “contract” — a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

copiesnounUS /ˈkɑːpiz/

plural of “copy” — a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

creednounUS /kriːd/

any system of principles or beliefs

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

distributionnounUS /ˌdɪstrəˈbjuːʃən/

(statistics) an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

elucidateverbUS /ɪˈluːsədeɪt/

make clear and (more) comprehensible

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

emigrationnounUS /ˌeməˈɡreɪʃən/

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

endeavoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

exclusiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

not divided or shared with others

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

improvementsnounUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvmənts/

plural of “improvement” — a change for the better; progress in development

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

internaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located within some limits or especially surface

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

liberalizedverbUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəlaɪzd/

past form of “liberalize” — make liberal or more liberal, of laws and rules

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

practicabilitynoun

the quality of being usable

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

proveverbUS /pruːv/

be shown or be found to be

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

publishverbUS /ˈpʌblɪʃ/

put into print

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

regulationnounUS /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃən/

an authoritative rule

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

sketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A small but liberalized party have formed a scheme of emigration on the principles of an abolition of individual property.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Of their political creed, and the arguments by which they support and elucidate it they are preparing a few copies--not as meaning to publish them, but for private distribution.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading In this work they will have endeavoured to prove the exclusive justice of the system and its practicability; nor will they have omitted to sketch out the code of contracts necessary for the internal regulation of the Society; all of which will of course be submitted to the improvements and approbation of each component member.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Sir, Your brother has introduced my name to you; I shall therefore offer no apology for this letter.

Chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 21 holds 23 sentences of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.