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Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sheffield, January, 1796.
My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.
I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.
I preached in coloured clothes.
With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sheffield, January, 1796.
Line 2
My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.
Line 3
I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.
/aɪ priːtʃt ə ˈtʃerɪti ˈsɜːrmən ðer læst ˈsʌndeɪ/
Line 4
I preached in coloured clothes.
/aɪ priːtʃt ɪn ˈkʌlərd kloʊðz/
Line 5
With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Birmingham noun US /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading “With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.”

coloured adjective US /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading “I preached in coloured clothes.”

inquire verb US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪr/

address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading “With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.”

January noun US /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading “Sheffield, January, 1796.”

mail noun US /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading “My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.”

preached verb US /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading “I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.”

sermon noun US /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.”

Sheffield noun US /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading “Sheffield, January, 1796.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1796

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sheffield, January, 1796.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

BirminghamnounUS /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/

the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

charitynounUS /ˈtʃerɪti/

a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading I preached in coloured clothes.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading I preached in coloured clothes.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

faintadjectiveUS /feɪnt/

deficient in magnitude; barely perceptible; lacking clarity or brightness or loudness etc

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I preached in coloured clothes.

inquireverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪr/

address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading Sheffield, January, 1796.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

mailnounUS /meɪl/

the bags of letters and packages that are transported by the postal service

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

Nottingham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

over-persuaded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

sermonnounUS /ˈsɜːrmən/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.

SheffieldnounUS /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading Sheffield, January, 1796.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I preached a charity sermon there last Sunday.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With regard to the gown at Birmingham (of which you inquire), I suffered myself to be over-persuaded.

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading My very dear Friend, I arrived at this place late last night by the mail from Nottingham, where I have been treated with kindness and friendship, of which I can give you but a faint idea.

Chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 31 holds 18 sentences of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.