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Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XLI · Chapter 41

Chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 9 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 9
Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.
Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.
Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.
Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.
Bristol, April 15, 1796.
[Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.
Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.
Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.
What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Chapter XLI · Chapter 41

Chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is here in full — 9 sentences across 2 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 9 reading units · Lines 1–9

Line 1
Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.
Line 2
Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.
/ˌɪnˈdiːd ɪf ˈevər ðeɪ ʃʊd əˈkwaɪər ə neɪm ənd ˈkerɪktər ɪt maɪt biː ˈtruːli sed ðə wɜːrld oʊd ðem tuː juː/
Line 3
Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.
/hæd ɪt nɑːt bɪn fɔːr juː nʌn pərˈhæps ʌv ðem wʊd hæv bɪn ˈpʌblɪʃt ənd sʌm nɑːt ˈrɪtən/
Line 4
Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.
/jɔːr əˈblaɪdʒd ənd əˈfekʃənət frend es tiː ˈkoʊlrɪdʒ/
Line 5
Bristol, April 15, 1796.
Line 6
[Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.
Line 7
Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.
Line 8
Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.
Line 9
What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acknowledgments noun US /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənts/

plural of “acknowledgment” — the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading “Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.”

appropriately adverb US /əˈproʊpriɪtli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading “Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.”

Bristol noun US /ˈbrɪstəl/

an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon

From this reading “Bristol, April 15, 1796.”

coleridge noun US /ˈkoʊlrɪdʒ/

English romantic poet (1772-1834)

From this reading “Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.”

drill verb US /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading “Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.”

remunerative adjective US /riˈmjuːnərətɪv/

for which money is paid

From this reading “Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.”

reviewed verb US /riˈvjuːd/

past form of “review” — look at again; examine again

From this reading “Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.”

vagabonds noun US /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

From this reading “Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bristol, April 15, 1796.

1796

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bristol, April 15, 1796.

2nd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

acknowledgmentsnounUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒmənts/

plural of “acknowledgment” — the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

acquireverbUS /əˈkwaɪər/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

affectionateadjectiveUS /əˈfekʃənət/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

agriculturaladjectiveUS /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

AnotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

appropriatelyadverbUS /əˈproʊpriɪtli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading Bristol, April 15, 1796.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

AustrianounUS /ˈɔːstriə/

a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

beggarsnounUS /ˈbeɡərz/

plural of “beggar” — a pauper who lives by begging

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

blankadjectiveUS /blæŋk/

(of a surface) not written or printed on

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

BristolnounUS /ˈbrɪstəl/

an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon

From this reading Bristol, April 15, 1796.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

COLERIDGEnounUS /ˈkoʊlrɪdʒ/

English romantic poet (1772-1834)

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

Cottle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

disinterestedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɪntrɪstɪd/

unaffected by self-interest

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

drillverbUS /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

engagingadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/

attracting or delighting

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

EssaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

financialadjectiveUS /fəˈnænʃəl/

involving financial matters

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

HolynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

non-attendance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

occupationsnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “occupation” — the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

PoemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

practising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

pursuitsnounUS /pərˈsuːts/

plural of “pursuit” — the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

remunerativeadjectiveUS /riˈmjuːnərətɪv/

for which money is paid

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

reviewedverbUS /riˈvjuːd/

past form of “review” — look at again; examine again

From this reading Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

Rumford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

Rumford's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.

Rumfordise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

Rumfordising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

soldierynoun

soldiers collectively

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

sumnounUS /sʌm/

a quantity of money

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

TnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Your obliged and affectionate friend, S. T. COLERIDGE.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

vagabondsnounUS /ˈvæɡəbɑːndz/

plural of “vagabond” — anything that resembles a vagabond in having no fixed place

From this reading Count Rumford (Count of the Holy Roman Empire), had cleared certain cities of Austria of beggars and vagabonds, and had established garden cities for the soldiery practising agricultural pursuits and engaging in remunerative occupations during their non-attendance at drill.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading [Another project of Coleridge to earn a small sum to tide over financial difficulties was to "Rumfordise" the cities of England.

WatchmannounUS /ˈwɑːtʃmən/

a guard who keeps watch

From this reading Coleridge reviewed Rumford's Essays in "The Watchman" of 2nd April.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What part of the "Rumfordising" Coleridge proposed to apply to his native country does not appear from the letter.]

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Indeed, if ever they should acquire a name and character, it might be truly said the world owed them to you.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Had it not been for you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some not written.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Dear Cottle, On the blank leaf of my Poems I can most appropriately write my acknowledgments to you for your too disinterested conduct in the purchase of them.

Chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 9 sentences, grouped into 2 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 41 holds 9 sentences of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 2 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 9 sentences, grouped into 2 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 41 of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Work through the 2 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 2 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 41 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 41 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1 take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Biographia Epistolaris, Volume 1, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.