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Biographia Literaria
Biographia Literaria

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
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Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.
It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.
Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.
Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.
What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Literaria

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 130 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.
Line 2
It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.
Line 3
Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.
/moʊst ˈɔːfən ɪt hæz bɪn kəˈnektɪd wɪð sʌm tʃɑːrdʒ wɪtʃ aɪ kʊd nɑːt ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ ɔːr sʌm ˈprɪnsəpəl wɪtʃ aɪ hæd ˈnevər ˌentərˈteɪnd/
Line 4
Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.
Line 5
What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.
/wʌt maɪ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈpɜːrpəsəz wɜːr wɪl biː siːn ɪn ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈpeɪdʒəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Author's noun US /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

circulation noun US /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

From this reading “It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.”

contemporary adjective US /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading “Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.”

incitement noun US /ˌɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

an act of urging on or spurring on or rousing to action or instigating

From this reading “Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.”

publication noun US /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading “Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.”

retirement noun US /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading “It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.”

Sonnets noun US /ˈsɑːnɪts/

plural of “sonnet” — a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme

From this reading “Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.”

writings noun US /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading “It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acknowledgeverbUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒ/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

additionaladjectiveUS /əˈdɪʃənəl/

further or added

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

Author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

Bowles's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

circulationnounUS /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪʃən/

the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

ComparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

DisciplinenounUS /ˈdɪsəplən/

a branch of knowledge

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

EffectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

exculpationnoun

a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

fewnessnoun

the quality of being small in number

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

incitementnounUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪtmənt/

an act of urging on or spurring on or rousing to action or instigating

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

MostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

MotivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

NeverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

poetsnounUS /ˈpoʊəts/

plural of “poet” — a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

ReceptionnounUS /rɪˈsepʃən/

the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

retirementnounUS /riˈtaɪərmənt/

the state of being retired from one's business or occupation

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

SonnetsnounUS /ˈsɑːnɪts/

plural of “sonnet” — a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

unimportancenoun

the state of being humble and unimportant

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading What my additional purposes were, will be seen in the following pages.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Most often it has been connected with some charge which I could not acknowledge, or some principle which I had never entertained.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Nevertheless, had I had no other motive or incitement, the reader would not have been troubled with this exculpation.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading It has been my lot to have had my name introduced both in conversation, and in print, more frequently than I find it easy to explain, whether I consider the fewness, unimportance, and limited circulation of my writings, or the retirement and distance, in which I have lived, both from the literary and political world.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading Motives to the present work--Reception of the Author’s first publication--Discipline of his taste at school--Effect of contemporary writers on youthful minds--Bowles’s Sonnets--Comparison between the poets before and since Pope.

Chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 130 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria contain?

Chapter 1 holds 130 sentences of Biographia Literaria, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 130 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Biographia Literaria?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Literaria

Common questions about reading Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Literaria?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Literaria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6081, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Literaria take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographia Literaria section by section

How to work through Biographia Literaria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographia Literaria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Literaria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Motives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--reception
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.