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Biographia Literaria
Biographia Literaria

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.
After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?
If possible, what are its necessary conditions?
I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.
But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Literaria

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 97 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.
Line 2
After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?
Line 3
If possible, what are its necessary conditions?
/ɪf ˈpɑːsəbəl wʌt ɑːr ɪts ˈnesəseri kənˈdɪʃənz/
Line 4
I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.
/aɪ wɑːz fɔːr ə waɪl dɪˈspoʊzd tuː ˈænsər ðə fɜːrst ˈkwestʃən ɪn ðə ˈneɡətɪv ənd tuː ədˈmɪt ðæt ðə soʊl ˈpræktəkəbəl emˈplɔɪmənt fɔːr ðə ˈhjuːmən maɪnd wɑːz tuː əbˈzɜːrv tuː kəˈlekt ənd tuː ˈklæsəfaɪ/
Line 5
But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

classification noun US /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading “After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?”

classify verb US /ˈklæsəfaɪ/

arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading “I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.”

Hartley noun US /ˈhɑːrtli/

English philosopher who introduced the theory of the association of ideas (1705-1757)

From this reading “After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?”

inconsistencies noun US /ˌɪŋˈkɑːnsɪstensiz/

plural of “inconsistency” — the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time

From this reading “But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.”

Kant noun US /kænt/

influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)

From this reading “Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.”

Locke noun US /lɑːk/

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)

From this reading “After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?”

Mystics noun US /ˈmɪstɪks/

plural of “mystic” — someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension

From this reading “Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.”

vindication noun US /vɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.

From this reading “Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

abidingadjectiveUS /əˈbaɪdɪŋ/

lasting a long time

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

AristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

Author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

BerkeleynounUS /ˈbɜːrkli/

Irish philosopher and Anglican bishop who opposed the materialism of Thomas Hobbes (1685-1753)

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

BrunonounUS /ˈbruːnoʊ/

German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054)

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

classificationnounUS /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

classifyverbUS /ˈklæsəfaɪ/

arrange or order by classes or categories

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

collectverbUS /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

compactnounUS /ˈkɑːmpækt/

a small cosmetics case with a mirror; to be carried in a woman's purse

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

contranatural

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

CriticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

differencenounUS /ˈdɪfərəns/

the quality of being unlike or dissimilar

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

disposedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspoʊzd/

having made preparations

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

failurenounUS /ˈfeɪljər/

an act that fails

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

Fichte's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

Giordano

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

HartleynounUS /ˈhɑːrtli/

English philosopher who introduced the theory of the association of ideas (1705-1757)

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

historicadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪk/

belonging to the past; of what is important or famous in the past

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If possible, what are its necessary conditions?

Immanuel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

impracticableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/

not capable of being carried out or put into practice

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

inconsistenciesnounUS /ˌɪŋˈkɑːnsɪstensiz/

plural of “inconsistency” — the relation between propositions that cannot both be true at the same time

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

intellectnounUS /ˈɪntəlekt/

knowledge and intellectual ability

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

KantnounUS /kænt/

influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

Kant's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

Leibnitznoun

German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

LiteraryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

LockenounUS /lɑːk/

English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

MysticsnounUS /ˈmɪstɪks/

plural of “mystic” — someone who believes in the existence of realities beyond human comprehension

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading If possible, what are its necessary conditions?

negativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɡətɪv/

characterized by or displaying negation or denial or opposition or resistance; having no positive features

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

obligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

partialadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːrʃəl/

being or affecting only a part; not total

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

PhilosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

practicableadjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəbəl/

usable for a specific purpose

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

privilegedadjectiveUS /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

prudencenounUS /ˈpruːdəns/

discretion in practical affairs

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

resignationnounUS /ˌrezəɡˈneɪʃən/

acceptance of despair

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

Saumarez

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

Schelling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

successivelyadverbUS /səkˈsesɪvli/

in proper order or sequence

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

tacitadjectiveUS /ˈtæsɪt/

implied by or inferred from actions or statements

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading After I had successively studied in the schools of Locke, Berkeley, Leibnitz, and Hartley, and could find in none of them an abiding place for my reason, I began to ask myself; is a system of philosophy; as different from mere history and historic classification, possible?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

ultimateadjectiveUS /ˈʌltəmət/

furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

vindicationnounUS /vɪndəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of vindicating or defending against criticism or censure etc.

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading I was for a while disposed to answer the first question in the negative, and to admit that the sole practicable employment for the human mind was to observe, to collect, and to classify.

wilfuladjective

done by design

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But I soon felt, that human nature itself fought up against this wilful resignation of intellect; and as soon did I find, that the scheme, taken with all its consequences and cleared of all inconsistencies, was not less impracticable than contranatural.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading Is Philosophy possible as a science, and what are its conditions?--Giordano Bruno--Literary Aristocracy, or the existence of a tacit compact among the learned as a privileged order--The Author’s obligations to the Mystics--to Immanuel Kant--The difference between the letter and the spirit of Kant’s writings, and a vindication of prudence in the teaching of Philosophy--Fichte’s attempt to complete the Critical system--Its partial success and ultimate failure--Obligations to Schelling; and among English writers to Saumarez.

Chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 97 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria contain?

Chapter 9 holds 97 sentences of Biographia Literaria, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 97 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Biographia Literaria?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Literaria

Common questions about reading Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Literaria?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Literaria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6081, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Literaria take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographia Literaria section by section

How to work through Biographia Literaria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Biographia Literaria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Literaria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Motives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--reception
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.