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Biographia Literaria
Biographia Literaria

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 317 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.
In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.
This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.
If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.
I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Literaria

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 317 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.
/ə ˈtʃæptər ʌv rɪˈkwests ənd preməˈnɪʃənz kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ ðə pərˈuːzəl ɔːr oʊˈmɪʃən ʌv ðə ˈtʃæptər ðæt ˈfɑːloʊz/
Line 2
In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.
Line 3
This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.
/ðɪs ˈɡoʊldən ruːl ʌv maɪn dʌz aɪ oʊn rɪˈzembəl ðoʊz ʌv ˌpɪθəˈɡɔːrɑːs ɪn ɪts əbsˈkjʊrəti ˈræðər ðæn ɪn ɪts depθ/
Line 4
If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.
Line 5
I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.
/aɪ hæv naʊ bɪˈfɔːr miː ə ˈtriːtəs ʌv ə rɪˈlɪdʒəs fəˈnætɪk fʊl ʌv driːmz ənd ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adage noun US /ˈædədʒ/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading “In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.”

benefited verb US /ˈbenəfɪtɪd/

past form of “benefit” — derive a benefit from

From this reading “In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.”

fanatic noun US /fəˈnætɪk/

a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading “I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.”

omission noun US /oʊˈmɪʃən/

a mistake resulting from neglect

From this reading “A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.”

premonitions noun US /preməˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “premonition” — a feeling of evil to come

From this reading “A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.”

Pythagoras noun US /ˌpɪθəˈɡɔːrɑːs/

Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)

From this reading “This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.”

treatise noun US /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading “I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.”

writer's noun US /ˈraɪtərz/

possessive form of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

All words in this reading · 86

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

adagenounUS /ˈædədʒ/

a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

antitheticadjective

sharply contrasted in character or purpose

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

benefitedverbUS /ˈbenəfɪtɪd/

past form of “benefit” — derive a benefit from

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

dreamsnounUS /driːmz/

plural of “dream” — a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

experiencesnounUS /ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz/

plural of “experience” — the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

fanaticnounUS /fəˈnætɪk/

a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm (as for a cause)

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

followsverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊz/

third-person singular of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

Hierocles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

ignorancenounUS /ˈɪɡnərəns/

the lack of knowledge or education

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

instancesnounUS /ˈɪnstənsəz/

plural of “instance” — an occurrence of something

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

maximnounUS /ˈmæksəm/

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

obscuritynounUS /əbsˈkjʊrəti/

the quality of being unclear or abstruse and hard to understand

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

omissionnounUS /oʊˈmɪʃən/

a mistake resulting from neglect

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

permitnounUS /pərˈmɪt/

a legal document giving official permission to do something

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

perusalnounUS /pərˈuːzəl/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

philosophicaladjectiveUS /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkəl/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

premonitionsnounUS /preməˈnɪʃənz/

plural of “premonition” — a feeling of evil to come

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

presumeverbUS /prɪˈzuːm/

take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

PythagorasnounUS /ˌpɪθəˈɡɔːrɑːs/

Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

quaintnessnoun

the quality of being quaint and old-fashioned

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

requestsnounUS /rɪˈkwests/

plural of “request” — a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an authority

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

resembleverbUS /rɪˈzembəl/

appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

resolveverbUS /riˈzɑːlv/

bring to an end; settle conclusively

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

supernaturalnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈnætʃərəl/

supernatural forces and events and beings collectively

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A chapter of requests and premonitions concerning the perusal or omission of the chapter that follows.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading This golden rule of mine does, I own, resemble those of Pythagoras in its obscurity rather than in its depth.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

treatisenounUS /ˈtriːtəs/

a formal exposition

From this reading I have now before me a treatise of a religious fanatic, full of dreams and supernatural experiences.

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading If however the reader will permit me to be my own Hierocles, I trust, that he will find its meaning fully explained by the following instances.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

writer'snounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

possessive form of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading In the perusal of philosophical works I have been greatly benefited by a resolve, which, in the antithetic form and with the allowed quaintness of an adage or maxim, I have been accustomed to word thus: until you understand a writer’s ignorance, presume yourself ignorant of his understanding.

Chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 317 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria contain?

Chapter 12 holds 317 sentences of Biographia Literaria, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 317 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Biographia Literaria?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Literaria

Common questions about reading Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Literaria?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Literaria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6081, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Literaria take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographia Literaria section by section

How to work through Biographia Literaria section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Biographia Literaria to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographia Literaria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Literaria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Motives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--reception
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.