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Biographia Literaria
Biographia Literaria

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
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Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.
I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.
For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.
Or where can the poet have lived?
And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographia Literaria

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.
Line 2
I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.
/aɪ kənˈkluːd ˈðerfɔːr ðæt ðə əˈtempt ɪz ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl ənd ðæt wɜːr ɪt nɑːt ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl ɪt wʊd stɪl biː ˈjuːsləs/
Line 3
For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.
/fɔːr ðə ˈveri ˈpaʊər ʌv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə səˈlekʃən ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðə ˈpriːviəs pəˈzeʃən ʌv ðə ˈlæŋɡwədʒ səˈlektɪd/
Line 4
Or where can the poet have lived?
/ɔːr wer kæn ðə ˈpoʊət hæv lɪvd/
Line 5
And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?
/ənd baɪ wʌt ruːlz kʊd hiː dərˈekt hɪz tʃɔɪs wɪtʃ wʊd nɑːt hæv eˈneɪbəld hɪm tuː səˈlekt ənd ərˈeɪndʒ hɪz wɜːrdz baɪ ðə laɪt ʌv hɪz oʊn ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conclude verb US /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading “I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.”

diction noun US /ˈdɪkʃən/

the articulation of speech regarded from the point of view of its intelligibility to the audience

From this reading “Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.”

essentially adverb US /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading “Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.”

implies verb US /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading “For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.”

impracticable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/

not capable of being carried out or put into practice

From this reading “I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.”

metre noun US /ˈmiːtər/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading “Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.”

metrical adjective US /ˈmetrɪkəl/

based on the meter as a standard of measurement

From this reading “Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.”

selection noun US /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading “For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

arrangeverbUS /ərˈeɪndʒ/

put into a proper or systematic order

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/

the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

concludeverbUS /kənˈkluːd/

decide by reasoning; draw or come to a conclusion

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

dictionnounUS /ˈdɪkʃən/

the articulation of speech regarded from the point of view of its intelligibility to the audience

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

enabledverbUS /eˈneɪbəld/

past form of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

impliesverbUS /ˌɪmˈplaɪz/

third-person singular of “imply” — express or state indirectly

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

impracticableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəbəl/

not capable of being carried out or put into practice

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

judgmentnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒmənt/

an opinion formed by judging something

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

LanguagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

metrenounUS /ˈmiːtər/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

metricaladjectiveUS /ˈmetrɪkəl/

based on the meter as a standard of measurement

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

OriginnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

selectadjectiveUS /səˈlekt/

of superior grade

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

selectionnounUS /səˈlekʃən/

the act of choosing or selecting

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

therebyadverbUS /ˈðerˈbaɪ/

by that means or because of that

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading For the very power of making the selection implies the previous possession of the language selected.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Or where can the poet have lived?

wherein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading And by what rules could he direct his choice, which would not have enabled him to select and arrange his words by the light of his own judgment?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I conclude, therefore, that the attempt is impracticable; and that, were it not impracticable, it would still be useless.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Language of metrical composition, why and wherein essentially different from that of prose--Origin and elements of metre--Its necessary consequences, and the conditions thereby imposed on the metrical writer in the choice of his diction.

Chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria contain?

Chapter 18 holds 224 sentences of Biographia Literaria, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Biographia Literaria?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographia Literaria

Common questions about reading Biographia Literaria by Samuel Taylor Coleridge on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographia Literaria?

Yes. All 4132 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6081 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographia Literaria is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6081, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographia Literaria take to read?

About 344 minutes of reading across 827 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographia Literaria

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographia Literaria, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Motives
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Work--reception
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographia Literaria; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.