Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Biographical Sketches
Biographical Sketches

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches is here in full — 533 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Biographical Sketches
Context Illustration Reading 1/106 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.
HUTCHINSON.
The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.
We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.
But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographical Sketches

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches is here in full — 533 sentences across 107 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/106 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.
Line 2
HUTCHINSON.
/ˈhʌtʃɪnsən/
Line 3
The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.
Line 4
We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.
/wiː wɪl nɑːt lʊk fɔːr ə ˈlɪvɪŋ rɪˈzembləns ʌv ˈmɪsɪz ˈhʌtʃɪnsən ðoʊ ðə sɜːrtʃ maɪt nɑːt biː ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər ˈfruːtləs/
Line 5
But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

applicability noun US /ˌæpləkəˈbɪləti/

relevance by virtue of being applicable to the matter at hand

From this reading “The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.”

Fables noun US /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.”

Hutchinson noun US /ˈhʌtʃɪnsən/

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)

From this reading “CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.”

indications noun US /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “indication” — something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading “But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.”

portentous adjective US /pɔːrˈtentəs/

of momentous or ominous significance

From this reading “But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.”

posterity noun US /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading “But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.”

soundness noun US /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading “The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.”

suggests verb US /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

applicabilitynounUS /ˌæpləkəˈbɪləti/

relevance by virtue of being applicable to the matter at hand

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

burdennounUS /ˈbɜːrdən/

an onerous or difficult concern

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

Cilley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

CONTENTSnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

excuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

FablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

Fessenden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

fruitlessadjectiveUS /ˈfruːtləs/

unproductive of success

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

Gay's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

GreennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

grievousadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːvəs/

causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

HutchinsonnounUS /ˈhʌtʃɪnsən/

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

indicationsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “indication” — something that serves to indicate or suggest

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

IntroductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

JonathannounUS /ˈdʒɑːnəθən/

red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

Pepperell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

Phips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

portentousadjectiveUS /pɔːrˈtentəs/

of momentous or ominous significance

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

posteritynounUS /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

Prefaces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

PrioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

resemblancenounUS /rɪˈzembləns/

similarity in appearance or external or superficial details

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

soundnessnounUS /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

suggestsverbUS /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

threatenverbUS /ˈθretən/

pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

trainverbUS /treɪn/

create by training and teaching

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We will not look for a living resemblance of Mrs. Hutchinson, though the search might not be altogether fruitless.

whereof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The character of this female suggests a train of thought which will form as natural an Introduction to her story, as most of the Prefaces to Gay's Fables, or the tales of Prior; besides that, the general soundness of the moral may excuse any want of present applicability.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTENTS: Mrs. Hutchinson Sir William Phips Sir William Pepperell Thomas Green Fessenden Jonathan Cilley MRS.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading But there are portentous indications, changes gradually taking place in the habits and feelings of the gentle sex, which seem to threaten our posterity with many of those public women, whereof one was a burden too grievous for our fathers.

Chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 533 sentences, grouped into 107 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches contain?

Chapter 1 holds 533 sentences of Biographical Sketches, unabridged, divided into 107 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 533 sentences, grouped into 107 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Biographical Sketches?

Work through the 107 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 107 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographical Sketches

Common questions about reading Biographical Sketches by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographical Sketches?

Yes. All 533 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9245 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographical Sketches is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9245, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographical Sketches take to read?

About 44 minutes of reading across 107 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographical Sketches section by section

How to work through Biographical Sketches section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Biographical Sketches to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographical Sketches

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographical Sketches, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hutchinson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phips
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Sketches; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.