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Biographical Stories
Biographical Stories

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographical Stories is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.
It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.
He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.
Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.
This was a sad thing for Edward.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Biographical Stories

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Biographical Stories is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.
/wen ˈedwərd ˈtempəl wɑːz əˈbaʊt eɪt ɔːr naɪn jɪrz oʊld hiː wɑːz əˈflɪktɪd wɪð ə dɪˈsɔːrdər ʌv ðə aɪz/
Line 2
It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.
/ɪt wɑːz soʊ səˈvɪr ənd hɪz saɪt wɑːz ˈnætʃərəli soʊ ˈdeləkət ðæt ðə ˈsɜːrdʒən felt sʌm ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz lest ðə bɔɪ ʃʊd bɪˈkʌm ˈtoʊtəli blaɪnd/
Line 3
He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.
/hiː ˈðerfɔːr ɡeɪv strɪkt dərˈekʃənz tuː kiːp hɪm ɪn ə ˈdɑːrkənd ˈtʃeɪmbər wɪð ə ˈbændɪdʒ ˈoʊvər hɪz aɪz/
Line 4
Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.
/nɑːt ə reɪ ʌv ðə blest laɪt ʌv ˈhevən kʊd biː ˈsʌfərd tuː ˈvɪzɪt ðə puːr læd/
Line 5
This was a sad thing for Edward.
/ðɪs wɑːz ə sæd θɪŋ fɔːr ˈedwərd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afflicted adjective US /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading “When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.”

apprehensions noun US /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading “It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.”

bandage noun US /ˈbændɪdʒ/

a piece of soft material that covers and protects an injured part of the body

From this reading “He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.”

darkened adjective US /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading “He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.”

disorder noun US /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading “When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.”

strict adjective US /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading “He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.”

surgeon noun US /ˈsɜːrdʒən/

a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading “It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.”

totally adverb US /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading “It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

afflictedadjectiveUS /əˈflɪktɪd/

grievously affected especially by disease

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

apprehensionsnounUS /ˌæprɪˈhenʃənz/

plural of “apprehension” — fearful expectation or anticipation

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

bandagenounUS /ˈbændɪdʒ/

a piece of soft material that covers and protects an injured part of the body

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

blessedadjectiveUS /blest/

highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace)

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

blindnounUS /blaɪnd/

people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

darkenedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːrkənd/

(of fabrics and paper) grown dark in color over time

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

delicateadjectiveUS /ˈdeləkət/

exquisitely fine and subtle and pleasing; susceptible to injury

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

directionsnounUS /dərˈekʃənz/

plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

disordernounUS /dɪˈsɔːrdər/

a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This was a sad thing for Edward.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

ninenounUS /naɪn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

raynounUS /reɪ/

a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading This was a sad thing for Edward.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

surgeonnounUS /ˈsɜːrdʒən/

a physician who specializes in surgery

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading This was a sad thing for Edward.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was a sad thing for Edward.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He therefore gave strict directions to keep him in a darkened chamber, with a bandage over his eyes.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading It was so severe, and his sight was naturally so delicate, that the surgeon felt some apprehensions lest the boy should become totally blind.

visitverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading Not a ray of the blessed light of heaven could be suffered to visit the poor lad.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading When Edward Temple was about eight or nine years old he was afflicted with a disorder of the eyes.

Chapter 1 of Biographical Stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Biographical Stories contain?

Chapter 1 holds 50 sentences of Biographical Stories, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Biographical Stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Biographical Stories?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Biographical Stories

Common questions about reading Biographical Stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Biographical Stories?

Yes. All 1013 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #9254 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Biographical Stories is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #9254, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Biographical Stories take to read?

About 84 minutes of reading across 203 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Biographical Stories section by section

How to work through Biographical Stories section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Biographical Stories to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Biographical Stories

Words and structures a reader meets early in Biographical Stories, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edward
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Temple
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Biographical Stories; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.