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Black Sheep: A Novel
Black Sheep: A Novel

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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PAUL WARD.
The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.
The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.
And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.
Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Black Sheep: A Novel

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PAUL WARD.
/pɔːl wɔːrd/
Line 2
The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.
Line 3
The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.
Line 4
And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.
Line 5
Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dallas noun US /ˈdæləs/

a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields

From this reading “And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.”

domain noun US /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading “The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.”

forester noun US /ˈfɔːrəstər/

English writer of adventure novels featuring Captain Horatio Hornblower (1899-1966)

From this reading “And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.”

glade noun US /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading “Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.”

housed verb US /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading “And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.”

russet noun US /ˈrʌsɪt/

a reddish brown homespun fabric

From this reading “The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.”

strewn verb US /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading “The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.”

tints noun US /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading “The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strewn with verb + particle counted as “strew with”

In this reading “The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.”

carried away verb + particle counted as “carry away”

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.”

grass beneath verb + particle

In this reading “The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.”

accustomed place adjective + noun

In this reading “Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.”

rode down verb + adjective counted as “ride down”

In this reading “Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.”

somewhat more adverb + adjective

In this reading “The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

accustomedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌstəmd/

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

associationnounUS /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

a formal organization of people or groups of people

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

beeches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

Boldero's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

branchnounUS /bræntʃ/

a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

Carruthers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

chancedverbUS /tʃænst/

past form of “chance” — be the case by chance

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

Clare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

DallasnounUS /ˈdæləs/

a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

domainnounUS /doʊˈmeɪn/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

dulyadverbUS /ˈduːli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

fire-wood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

foresternounUS /ˈfɔːrəstər/

English writer of adventure novels featuring Captain Horatio Hornblower (1899-1966)

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

gladenounUS /ɡleɪd/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

housedverbUS /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

inspectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈspekʃən/

a formal or official examination

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

KentnounUS /kent/

a county in southeastern England on the English Channel; formerly an Anglo-Saxon kingdom, it was the first to be colonized by the Romans

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

logverbUS /lɔːɡ/

enter into a log, as on ships and planes

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

missedadjectiveUS /mɪst/

not caught with the senses or the mind

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

nowherenounUS /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

PAULnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading PAUL WARD.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

plentifullyadverb

in a bountiful manner

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

rentverbUS /rent/

let for money

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

russetnounUS /ˈrʌsɪt/

a reddish brown homespun fabric

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

shakenadjectiveUS /ˈʃeɪkən/

disturbed psychologically as if by a physical jolt or shock

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

sturdyadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

ThomasnounUS /ˈtɑːməs/

United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Clare Carruthers missed it from its accustomed place as she rode down the glade which she still loved, though it had a painful association for her now.

tintsnounUS /tɪnts/

plural of “tint” — a quality of a given color that differs slightly from another color

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

WARDnounUS /wɔːrd/

a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading PAUL WARD.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading And then the forester made his inspection, and the fallen branches were removed, and duly cut and housed for winter fire-wood, and it chanced that the hitherto forgotten log on which George Dallas had sat one spring morning was carried away with them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The autumn tints were rich and beautiful upon the Kent woods, and nowhere more rich or more beautiful than in Sir Thomas Boldero's domain.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The soft grass beneath the noble beeches was strewn with the russet leaves a little earlier than usual that year, and somewhat more plentifully, for the storm had shaken them down, and had even rent away a branch here and there from some of the less sturdy trees.

Chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel by Edmund Yates holds 173 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel contain?

Chapter 31 holds 173 sentences of Black Sheep: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel by Edmund Yates exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 173 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Black Sheep: A Novel?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Black Sheep: A Novel

Common questions about reading Black Sheep: A Novel by Edmund Yates on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Black Sheep: A Novel?

Yes. All 8144 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59927 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Black Sheep: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59927, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Black Sheep: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1629 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Black Sheep: A Novel section by section

How to work through Black Sheep: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Black Sheep: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Black Sheep: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Black Sheep: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Avenue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Black Sheep: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Right
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Black Sheep: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bearin'
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Black Sheep: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cross
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Black Sheep: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.