Chapter I

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

in the past

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

plural of “arab” — a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

the past participle of “be”

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

inquire into

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

past form of “found” — set up or found

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

for this reason

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

someone who mediates between speakers of different languages

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

(chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

plural of “monsoon” — a seasonal wind in southern Asia; blows from the southwest (bringing rain) in summer and from the northeast in winter

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

situated in or oriented toward the north

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

plural of “persian” — a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

plural of “race” — any competition

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

tending to return to an earlier state

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the work of a sailor

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

plural of “settlement” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

situated in or oriented toward the south

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

toward the south

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

the most widely spoken Bantu languages; the official language of Kenya and Tanzania and widely used as a lingua franca in east and central Africa

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading These original settlers mixed with the black races of the interior, and it is from this mixture that the people now called Swahili have sprung.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

a Caucasian

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

in the company of; together with

From this reading As trade with the coast grew, Persians and Arabs founded settlements on the coast, and the numerous islands and towns and kingdoms grew up.

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading The word Swahili, or Sawaheli, comes from the Arabic word Sawahil, meaning coast, and hence the east coast of Africa.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

a late time of life

From this reading Many hundreds of years ago Arab sailors began to explore the east coast of Africa, being driven southwards in their sailing vessels by the northerly winds or monsoons of one part of the year and returning to their homes by the help of the southerly winds of the other half of the year.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _These_ BLACK TALES _for_ WHITE CHILDREN, _being a collection of Swahili Stories, have been translated and arranged by Capt._ C. H. STIGAND, _interpreter in Swahili and author of "The Land of Zinj," and Mrs._ C. H. STIGAND, _and have been illustrated by_ JOHN HARGRAVE, _author of_ "LONECRAFT."