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Borderland
Borderland

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Borderland is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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MAGDALENAND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.
The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.
Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.
Gilbert and his father lived alone together.
They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Borderland

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Borderland is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAGDALENAND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.
Line 2
The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.
/ðə ˈɪntəməsi bɪˈtwiːn hɪm ənd ˈɡɪlbərt ˈɡrædʒuːəli ˌɪnˈkriːst ənd ðə ˈvɪzɪts ʌv ðə frendz wɜːr nɑːt baɪ ˈeni miːnz kənˈfaɪnd tuː wʌn ˈpɑːrti ʌv ðə əˈlaɪəns/
Line 3
Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.
Line 4
Gilbert and his father lived alone together.
/ˈɡɪlbərt ənd hɪz ˈfɑːðər lɪvd əˈloʊn təˈɡeðər/
Line 5
They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alliance noun US /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading “The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.”

apartments noun US /əˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “apartment” — a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading “Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.”

assistant noun US /əˈsɪstənt/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.”

Gables noun US /ˈɡeɪbəlz/

plural of “gable” — the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading “Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.”

intimacy noun US /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading “The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.”

magdalen noun US /ˈmæɡdələn/

a reformed prostitute

From this reading “MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.”

medical adjective US /ˈmedəkəl/

relating to the study or practice of medicine

From this reading “They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.”

shabby adjective US /ˈʃæbi/

showing signs of wear and tear

From this reading “Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gradually increased adverb + adjective

In this reading “The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.”

come back verb + particle

be restored

In this reading “They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.”

early part adjective + noun

In this reading “MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.”

any means adjective + noun

In this reading “The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.”

lived alone verb + adjective counted as “live alone”

In this reading “Gilbert and his father lived alone together.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alliancenounUS /əˈlaɪəns/

the state of being allied or confederated

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Gilbert and his father lived alone together.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

apartmentsnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “apartment” — a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

arm-chair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

assistantnounUS /əˈsɪstənt/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Gilbert and his father lived alone together.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

GablesnounUS /ˈɡeɪbəlz/

plural of “gable” — the vertical triangular wall between the sloping ends of gable roof

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Gilbert and his father lived alone together.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

intimacynounUS /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Gilbert and his father lived alone together.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

MAGDALENnounUS /ˈmæɡdələn/

a reformed prostitute

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

medicaladjectiveUS /ˈmedəkəl/

relating to the study or practice of medicine

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

MichaelnounUS /ˈmaɪkəl/

(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

NEIGHBOURHOODnounUS /ˈneɪbərhʊd/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

Othonoun

French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099)

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

Otho's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

roomsnounUS /ruːmz/

apartment consisting of a series of connected rooms used as a living unit (as in a hotel)

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

Rowntree's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

seatedadjectiveUS /ˈsiːtɪd/

(of persons) having the torso erect and legs bent with the body supported on the buttocks

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

shabbyadjectiveUS /ˈʃæbi/

showing signs of wear and tear

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

statelier

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MAGDALEN—AND THE NEIGHBOURHOOD Otho’s arrival had been in the early part of October.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had so lived ever since Michael, having finished his medical studies, had come back and been made Dr. Rowntree’s assistant.

Thorsgarth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Gilbert and his father lived alone together.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Otho was found as often seated in an old arm-chair in some one of the now faded and shabby rooms of the Red Gables, as Gilbert was in the statelier and better preserved apartments of Thorsgarth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The intimacy between him and Gilbert gradually increased, and the visits of the friends were not by any means confined to one party of the alliance.

Chapter 3 of Borderland by Jessie Fothergill holds 128 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Borderland contain?

Chapter 3 holds 128 sentences of Borderland, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Borderland by Jessie Fothergill exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 128 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Borderland?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Borderland

Common questions about reading Borderland by Jessie Fothergill on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Borderland?

Yes. All 7267 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #75051 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Borderland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #75051, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Borderland take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1454 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Borderland section by section

How to work through Borderland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Borderland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Borderland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Borderland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Borderland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Borderland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Borderland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Borderland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.