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Boris the Bear-Hunter
Boris the Bear-Hunter

Chapter I · The Hunter Hunted

Chapter I of Boris the Bear-Hunter, “The Hunter Hunted,” is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Boris the Bear-Hunter
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.
Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.
It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.
Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.
He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boris the Bear-Hunter

Chapter I · The Hunter Hunted

Chapter I of Boris the Bear-Hunter, “The Hunter Hunted,” is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.
Line 2
Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.
Line 3
It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.
Line 4
Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.
Line 5
He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.
/hiː wɑːz ə sɜːrf ʌv kɔːrs æz wɜːr ɔːl hɪz ˈfeloʊz æt ðæt taɪm bʌt ɪn ˈkɑːnsəkwəns ʌv hɪz ˈwʌndərfəl streŋkθ ənd ˈkɜːrədʒ ənd ʌv hɪz ˈæptətuːd fɔːr pərˈsuːɪŋ ənd ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈevəri kaɪnd ʌv waɪld biːst ənd ɡeɪm hiː wɑːz ɪɡˈzempt baɪ ˈfeɪvər ʌv hɪz lɔːrd boʊθ frʌm tækˈseɪʃən ənd frʌm ðə ˈmænjuːəl ˈleɪbər wɪtʃ ðə ˈoʊnər ʌv ðə sɔɪl kʊd hæv ɪɡˈzæktɪd frʌm hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aptitude noun US /ˈæptətuːd/

inherent ability

From this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

Archangel noun US /ˌɑːrˈkeɪndʒəl/

an angel ranked above the highest rank in the celestial hierarchy

From this reading “It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.”

exacted verb US /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

exempt verb US /ɪɡˈzempt/

grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

measurable adjective US /ˈmeʒərəbəl/

capable of being measured

From this reading “Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.”

outlying adjective US /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading “Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.”

serf noun US /sɜːrf/

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

taxation noun US /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

manual labour noun + noun

labor done with the hands

In this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

wild beast adjective + noun

In this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.”

particular occasion adjective + noun

In this reading “Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

large town adjective + noun

In this reading “Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.”

in consequence preposition + noun

In this reading “He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

aptitudenounUS /ˈæptətuːd/

inherent ability

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

ArchangelnounUS /ˌɑːrˈkeɪndʒəl/

an angel ranked above the highest rank in the celestial hierarchy

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

Bear-Hunter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

beastnounUS /biːst/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

Boris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

Boris's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

exactedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

exemptverbUS /ɪɡˈzempt/

grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

glorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

introduceverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

Ivanitch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

killingnounUS /ˈkɪlɪŋ/

an event that causes someone to die

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

manualnounUS /ˈmænjuːəl/

a small handbook

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

matchverbUS /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

measurableadjectiveUS /ˈmeʒərəbəl/

capable of being measured

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

outlyingadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

overthrownounUS /ˈoʊvərθroʊ/

the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

pawsnounUS /pɔːz/

plural of “paw” — a clawed foot of an animal especially a quadruped

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

proposeverbUS /prəˈpoʊz/

make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

serfnounUS /sɜːrf/

(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

taxationnounUS /tækˈseɪʃən/

charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Boris Ivanitch was a peasant whose home was an outlying village near the large town just mentioned.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The moment at which I propose to introduce my readers to Boris the Bear-Hunter came very near, as it happened, to being the last which my hero was destined to spend upon this earth.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Great hunter as Boris was, there is no doubt about it that on this particular occasion he met his match, and came within measurable distance of defeat at the hands--or rather paws--of one of the very creatures whose overthrow was at once his profession and his glory.

wonderfuladjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərfəl/

extraordinarily good or great; used especially as intensifiers

From this reading He was a serf, of course, as were all his fellows at that time; but in consequence of his wonderful strength and courage, and of his aptitude for pursuing and killing every kind of wild beast and game, he was exempt, by favour of his lord, both from taxation and from the manual labour which the owner of the soil could have exacted from him.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading It happened many a year ago--about two hundred, in fact; and the scene of Boris's adventure was an exceedingly remote one, far away in the north of Europe, close to Archangel.

Chapter 1 of Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Boris the Bear-Hunter contain?

Chapter 1 holds 55 sentences of Boris the Bear-Hunter, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Boris the Bear-Hunter?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boris the Bear-Hunter

Common questions about reading Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boris the Bear-Hunter?

Yes. All 2906 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45098 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Boris the Bear-Hunter is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45098, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Boris the Bear-Hunter take to read?

About 242 minutes of reading across 582 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Boris the Bear-Hunter section by section

How to work through Boris the Bear-Hunter section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Boris the Bear-Hunter to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Boris the Bear-Hunter

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boris the Bear-Hunter, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hunter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Moment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Propose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.