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Boris the Bear-Hunter
Boris the Bear-Hunter

Chapter XXV · Boris Has a Narrow Escape

Chapter XXV of Boris the Bear-Hunter, “Boris Has a Narrow Escape,” is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.
While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.
Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.
Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.
In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boris the Bear-Hunter

Chapter XXV · Boris Has a Narrow Escape

Chapter XXV of Boris the Bear-Hunter, “Boris Has a Narrow Escape,” is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.
Line 2
While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.
Line 3
Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.
Line 4
Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.
/ˌnevərðəˈles mʌtʃ hæd bɪn dʌn ənd ðə zɑːr hæd wɜːrkt æz fjuː bʌt hiː kʊd ˈleɪbər tuː meɪk ˈsoʊldʒərz ʌv ðem/
Line 5
In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arduous adjective US /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading “The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.”

assistants noun US /əˈsɪstənts/

plural of “assistant” — a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.”

drill verb US /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

efficiency noun US /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

the ratio of the output to the input of any system

From this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

Moscow noun US /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

peasantry noun US /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

regiments noun US /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.”

Tsar noun US /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading “While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

emerged from verb + particle counted as “emerge from”

In this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

dear friends adjective + noun counted as “dear friend”

In this reading “While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.”

take part verb + noun

share in something

In this reading “The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.”

marched out verb + adjective counted as “march out”

march out (as from a defile) into open ground

In this reading “Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

arduousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

assistverbUS /əˈsɪst/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

assistantsnounUS /əˈsɪstənts/

plural of “assistant” — a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

bear-eater

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

Boris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

declareverbUS /dɪˈkler/

state emphatically and authoritatively

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

drillverbUS /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

efficiencynounUS /ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

the ratio of the output to the input of any system

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

emergedverbUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒd/

past form of “emerge” — come out into view, as from concealment

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

emergencynounUS /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/

a sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

exileverbUS /ˈeɡzaɪl/

expel from a country

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

Gordon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

inestimableadjective

beyond calculation or measure

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

intervalnounUS /ˈɪntərvəl/

a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

Karapselka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

Lefort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

MoscownounUS /ˈmɑːskoʊ/

a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

NeverthelessadverbUS /ˌnevərðəˈles/

in spite of what has just been said

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

peasantrynounUS /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

Preobrajensk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

rawadjectiveUS /rɑː/

(used especially of commodities) being unprocessed or manufactured using only simple or minimal processes

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

regimentsnounUS /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

TsarnounUS /zɑːr/

a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

twenty-ninenoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-eight and one

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The formation of the twenty-nine new regiments which were to take part in the war had been an arduous undertaking.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading While Boris was in exile at Karapselka the Tsar had lost two capable assistants, as well as dear friends, in Lefort and Gordon, both of whom had died during that interval of time.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

wolvesnounUS /wʊlvz/

plural of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading In this matter Boris was of inestimable service to him; and many a time did Peter declare that he would not for half his empire that those wolves had not run him down in the Karapselka forest and in doing so brought him back his bear-eater, for what could he have done without Boris at this time?

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Nevertheless much had been done, and the Tsar had worked as few but he could labour to make soldiers of them.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Had these men lived to assist him at this emergency, there is no doubt that the raw peasantry now sent up for training at Preobrajensk would have emerged from their months of drill in a higher state of efficiency than that in which they actually marched out of Moscow in August.

Chapter 25 of Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of Boris the Bear-Hunter contain?

Chapter 25 holds 84 sentences of Boris the Bear-Hunter, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of Boris the Bear-Hunter?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boris the Bear-Hunter

Common questions about reading Boris the Bear-Hunter by Frederick Whishaw on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boris the Bear-Hunter?

Yes. All 2906 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45098 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Boris the Bear-Hunter is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45098, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Boris the Bear-Hunter take to read?

About 242 minutes of reading across 582 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Boris the Bear-Hunter section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Boris the Bear-Hunter

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boris the Bear-Hunter, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Hunter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hunted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Moment
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Propose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boris the Bear-Hunter; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.