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Boscobel
Boscobel

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Boscobel is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/68 · 5 lines
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SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.
The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.
On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.
On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.
The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boscobel

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Boscobel is here in full — 341 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.
Line 2
The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.
Line 3
On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.
Line 4
On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.
Line 5
The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.
/ðə ˈkæsəl hɪl æz wiː hæv ɔːlˈredi hæd əˈkeɪʒən tuː rɪˈmɑːrk wɑːz ˈstrɔːŋli ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd ənd hæd bɪˈkʌm ˈɔːlmoʊst æz ˈfɔːrmədəbəl æz fɔːrt ˈrɔɪəl ˌɪtˈself wɪð wɪtʃ ɪt wɑːz naʊ lɪŋkt baɪ ðə nuː laɪn ʌv ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

fortifications noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.”

fortified adjective US /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading “SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.”

Friars noun US /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading “On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.”

linked adjective US /lɪŋkt/

connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks

From this reading “The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.”

Moat noun US /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading “On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.”

Severn noun US /ˈsevərn/

a river in Ontario that flows northeast into Hudson Bay

From this reading “On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.”

thirteenth adjective US /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading “On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.”

Worcester noun US /ˈwʊstər/

United States lexicographer who was accused of plagiarism by Noah Webster (1784-1865)

From this reading “The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

strongly fortified adverb + adjective

In this reading “The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.”

other side adjective + noun

In this reading “On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.”

ran towards verb + particle counted as “run towards”

In this reading “On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.”

become almost verb + particle

In this reading “The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.”

provided with verb + particle counted as “provide with”

In this reading “The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.”

On the south preposition + article + noun counted as “on … south”

In this reading “The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

CITYnounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

Commanderynoun

the position or office of commander

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

ConventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

enceinteadjective

in an advanced stage of pregnancy

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

FortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

FORTIFIEDadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

FriarsnounUS /ˈfraɪərz/

plural of “friar” — a male member of a religious order that originally relied solely on alms

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

KINGnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

linkedadjectiveUS /lɪŋkt/

connected by a link, as railway cars or trailer trucks

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

MoatnounUS /moʊt/

ditch dug as a fortification and usually filled with water

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

MoundnounUS /maʊnd/

(baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

prioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

repairedverbUS /rɪˈperd/

past form of “repair” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

SevernnounUS /ˈsevərn/

a river in Ontario that flows northeast into Hudson Bay

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

SHOWINGnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

Sidbury-gate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

south-eastadverb

to, toward, or in the southeast

From this reading On the south-east, the outer fence extended from Fort Royal almost to Friars'-gate.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

stronglyadverbUS /ˈstrɔːŋli/

with strength or in a strong manner

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SHOWING HOW THE KING HAD FORTIFIED THE CITY.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

thirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The Castle Hill, as we have already had occasion to remark, was strongly fortified, and had become almost as formidable as Fort Royal itself, with which it was now linked by the new line of fortifications.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On the other side, the new line of fortifications ran towards the Severn, covering the Moat, and the strong old wall behind it--a boundary wall built by a prior of the Convent of St. Mary early in the thirteenth century--and forming an outer defence to the Castle Mound, with which it was connected.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

WorcesternounUS /ˈwʊstər/

United States lexicographer who was accused of plagiarism by Noah Webster (1784-1865)

From this reading The fortifications of Worcester having now been completely repaired and considerably extended by Charles, it may be necessary to take another survey of them.[5] On the south, the city was provided with a double enceinte--Sidbury-gate and the Commandery being completely enclosed by the newly raised lines.

Chapter 5 of Boscobel by William Harrison Ainsworth holds 341 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Boscobel contain?

Chapter 5 holds 341 sentences of Boscobel, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Boscobel by William Harrison Ainsworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 341 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Boscobel?

Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boscobel

Common questions about reading Boscobel by William Harrison Ainsworth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boscobel?

Yes. All 9109 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47348 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Boscobel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47348, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Boscobel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1822 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Boscobel section by section

How to work through Boscobel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Boscobel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Boscobel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boscobel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boscobel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boscobel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Royal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boscobel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
William
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boscobel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harrison
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boscobel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.