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Boswell the Biographer
Boswell the Biographer

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Boswell the Biographer
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
See https://
Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.
A carat character is used to denote superscription.
In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).
In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boswell the Biographer

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
See https://
Line 2
Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.
Line 3
A carat character is used to denote superscription.
Line 4
In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).
Line 5
In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brackets noun US /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading “In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).”

carat noun US /ˈkerət/

a unit of weight for precious stones = 200 mg

From this reading “A carat character is used to denote superscription.”

denote verb US /dɪˈnoʊt/

be a sign or indication of

From this reading “A carat character is used to denote superscription.”

Index noun US /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading “In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).”

multiple adjective US /ˈmʌltəpəl/

having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual

From this reading “In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).”

numerals noun US /ˈnuːmərəlz/

plural of “numeral” — a symbol used to represent a number

From this reading “In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).”

plus noun US /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading “Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.”

represents verb US /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading “Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

In the text preposition + article + noun counted as “in … text”

In this reading “In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).”

found in verb + particle

In this reading “In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).”

All words in this reading · 45

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

16

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

178

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

27

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

bracketsnounUS /ˈbrækəts/

plural of “bracket” — a category falling within certain defined limits

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

caratnounUS /ˈkerət/

a unit of weight for precious stones = 200 mg

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

Copperplatenoun

a graceful style of handwriting based on the writing used on copperplate engravings

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

curlyadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrli/

(of hair) having curls or waves

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

denoteverbUS /dɪˈnoʊt/

be a sign or indication of

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

footnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

hand-written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

https

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See https://

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

IndexnounUS /ˈɪndeks/

a numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with some reference number

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

multipleadjectiveUS /ˈmʌltəpəl/

having or involving or consisting of more than one part or entity or individual

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

numeralsnounUS /ˈnuːmərəlz/

plural of “numeral” — a symbol used to represent a number

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

oe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

oe-ligature

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

plusnounUS /plʌs/

a useful or valuable quality

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

representsverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzents/

third-person singular of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See https://

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

superscripted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

superscriptionnoun

an inscription written above something else

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

TextnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading In the text multiple superscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets (example: 27^{th}).

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Text enclosed by plus signs is in Copperplate hand-written text. [oe] represents the oe-ligature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading A carat character is used to denote superscription.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading In the Index numerals following a carat character are superscripted and refer to the footnote from the page reference where the reference is only found in the footnote (example: 178^16).

Chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory holds 80 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer contain?

Chapter 1 holds 80 sentences of Boswell the Biographer, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 80 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Boswell the Biographer?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boswell the Biographer

Common questions about reading Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boswell the Biographer?

Yes. All 3561 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52246 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Boswell the Biographer is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52246, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Boswell the Biographer take to read?

About 296 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Boswell the Biographer section by section

How to work through Boswell the Biographer section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Boswell the Biographer to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Boswell the Biographer

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boswell the Biographer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copperplate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.