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Boswell the Biographer
Boswell the Biographer

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.
We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.
We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.
Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.
We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boswell the Biographer

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.
Line 2
We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.
/wiː mʌst noʊ ðə pɑːrt pleɪd ɪn ðə meɪn θiːm baɪ hɪz pəˈkjuːljər ˈkwɑːlətiz/
Line 3
We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.
Line 4
Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.
Line 5
We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.
/wiː mʌst siː naʊ ɪn ˈdʒenərəl ðə ˈriːzən ʌv ðæt ˈɪntəməsi wɪtʃ hiː tʊk ker tuː ˈkʌltəveɪt wɪð ə lɑːrdʒ ˈnʌmbər ʌv dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt men/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Allusion noun US /əˈluːʒən/

passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading “Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.”

biography noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading “We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.”

Boswell noun US /ˈbɑːzwel/

Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)

From this reading “The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.”

cultivate verb US /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading “We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.”

impede verb US /ˌɪmˈpiːd/

be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading “We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.”

relating verb US /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.”

sequence noun US /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading “The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.”

theme noun US /θiːm/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

natural sequence adjective + noun

In this reading “The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.”

large number adjective + noun

a large indefinite number

In this reading “We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.”

took care verb + noun counted as “take care”

be careful, prudent, or watchful

In this reading “We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.”

peculiar qualities adjective + noun counted as “peculiar quality”

In this reading “We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.”

attracted by verb + particle counted as “attract by”

In this reading “Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.”

distinguished men adjective + noun

In this reading “We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.”

questions about verb + particle counted as “question about”

In this reading “The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.”

great men adjective + noun

In this reading “Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

AllusionnounUS /əˈluːʒən/

passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

assistverbUS /əˈsɪst/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

BoswellnounUS /ˈbɑːzwel/

Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

Boswell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

cultivateverbUS /ˈkʌltəveɪt/

foster the growth of

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

facultynounUS /ˈfækəlti/

one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

GeneraladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

impedeverbUS /ˌɪmˈpiːd/

be a hindrance or obstacle to

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

intimacynounUS /ˈɪntəməsi/

close or warm friendship

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

Paoli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

personalitynounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈnælɪti/

the complex of all the attributes--behavioral, temperamental, emotional and mental--that characterize a unique individual

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

playedadjectiveUS /pleɪd/

(of games) engaged in

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

qualitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːlətiz/

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

relatingverbUS /rɪˈleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “relate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

sequencenounUS /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

themenounUS /θiːm/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading We must know the part played in the main theme by his peculiar qualities.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We must notice how they seem to assist or to impede his particular faculty for biography.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Allusion has already been made to the reasons for which Boswell was attracted by two great men, Dr. Johnson and General Paoli.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The portion of Boswell's career which we have been relating up to this point gives rise by natural sequence to the discussion of one or two interesting questions about his personality.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We must see now in general the reason of that intimacy which he took care to cultivate with a large number of distinguished men.

Chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer contain?

Chapter 4 holds 412 sentences of Boswell the Biographer, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Boswell the Biographer?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boswell the Biographer

Common questions about reading Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boswell the Biographer?

Yes. All 3561 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52246 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #52246, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 296 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Boswell the Biographer

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boswell the Biographer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copperplate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.