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Boswell the Biographer
Boswell the Biographer

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.
The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.
This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.
Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.
But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boswell the Biographer

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.
Line 2
The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.
Line 3
This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.
/ðɪs wɑːz duː noʊ daʊt ɪn pɑːrt tuː hɪz ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈhæbəts/
Line 4
Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.
Line 5
But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biographer noun US /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading “The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.”

Boswell noun US /ˈbɑːzwel/

Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)

From this reading “There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.”

executors noun US /ɪɡˈzekjətərz/

plural of “executor” — a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will

From this reading “But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.”

Hebrides noun US /ˈhebrɪdiz/

a group of more than 500 islands off the western coast of Scotland

From this reading “But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.”

magnum noun US /ˈmæɡnəm/

a large wine bottle for liquor or wine

opus noun US /ˈoʊpəs/

a musical work that has been created

recording noun US /rəˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

a signal that encodes something (e.g., picture or sound) that has been recorded

From this reading “The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.”

redeeming adjective US /rɪˈdiːmɪŋ/

bringing about salvation or redemption from sin

From this reading “There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

redeeming feature adjective + noun

In this reading “There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.”

most important adverb + adjective

In this reading “There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.”

six years noun + noun

In this reading “But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.”

important feature adjective + noun

In this reading “There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.”

curious effect adjective + noun

In this reading “Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.”

grew less verb + particle counted as “grow less”

In this reading “The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.”

about six preposition + noun

In this reading “But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.”

early years adjective + noun

In this reading “The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

1791

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

biographernounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfər/

someone who writes an account of a person's life

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

BoswellnounUS /ˈbɑːzwel/

Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

Boswell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

collectingnounUS /kəˈlektɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

conversationsnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “conversation” — the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

Convivialitynoun

a jovial nature

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

drinkingnounUS /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ/

the act of consuming liquids

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

dueadjectiveUS /duː/

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

executorsnounUS /ɪɡˈzekjətərz/

plural of “executor” — a person appointed by a testator to carry out the terms of the will

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

firmlyadverbUS /ˈfɜːrmli/

with resolute determination

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

HebridesnounUS /ˈhebrɪdiz/

a group of more than 500 islands off the western coast of Scotland

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

journalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

magnumnounUS /ˈmæɡnəm/

a large wine bottle for liquor or wine

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

opusnounUS /ˈoʊpəs/

a musical work that has been created

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

preservedadjectiveUS /prəˈzɜːrvd/

prevented from decaying or spoiling and prepared for future use

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

recordingnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

a signal that encodes something (e.g., picture or sound) that has been recorded

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

redeemingadjectiveUS /rɪˈdiːmɪŋ/

bringing about salvation or redemption from sin

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

relaxedadjectiveUS /rɪˈlækst/

without strain or anxiety

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

TournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Conviviality of that kind has a curious effect upon the memory.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was due no doubt in part to his drinking habits.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading The biographer had gradually during the life of Johnson relaxed his efforts in collecting material for the _magnum opus_; we can see in the 'Life' how he grew less industrious in recording conversations; for though even in the later part many are preserved at great length, he neglected to write up his journal more often than in the early years of the friendship.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading But Boswell had still very firmly the purpose of writing the 'Life,' after Johnson had died, though he was not the person chosen to do so by the literary executors.[1] The 'Life of Johnson' was published about six years later than the 'Tour to the Hebrides,' in the spring of 1791.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading There is one redeeming feature, the most important feature of all, in the last years of Boswell's life.

Chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer contain?

Chapter 9 holds 111 sentences of Boswell the Biographer, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Boswell the Biographer?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boswell the Biographer

Common questions about reading Boswell the Biographer by George Mallory on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boswell the Biographer?

Yes. All 3561 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52246 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #52246, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 296 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Boswell the Biographer

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boswell the Biographer, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell the Biographer; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Copperplate
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