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Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and
Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.
I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.
All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.
Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.
I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and is here in full — 269 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.
Line 2
I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.
/aɪ hæv kept ɪn maɪnd æn oʊld ˈhæbət ˈkɑːmən ɪˈnʌf aɪ der seɪ əˈmʌŋ ɪts ˈdevəˈtiːz ʌv ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə bʊk ʌv ˈrændəm ənd ˈriːdɪŋ weˈrevər ðə aɪ fɔːlz əˈpɑːn ə ˈpæsədʒ ʌv əˈspeʃəl ˈɪntrəst/
Line 3
All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.
/ɔːl sʌtʃ ˈpæsədʒəz aɪ hoʊp hæv bɪn rɪˈteɪnd ənd ɪˈnʌf ʌv ðə hoʊl bʊk tuː ˈɪləstreɪt ɔːl ðə ˈfeɪzəz ʌv ˈdʒɑːnsənz maɪnd ənd ʌv hɪz taɪm wɪtʃ ˈbɑːzwel əbˈzɜːrvd/
Line 4
Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.
Line 5
I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Abridged adjective US /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading “Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.”

abridgement noun US /əˈbrɪdʒmənt/

a shortened version of a written work

From this reading “Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.”

devotees noun US /ˈdevəˈtiːz/

plural of “devotee” — an ardent follower and admirer

From this reading “I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.”

edited adjective US /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading “Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.”

enlightenment noun US /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading “I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.”

Johnson's noun US /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading “Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.”

perturbations noun US /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃənz/

plural of “perturbation” — an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading “I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.”

Princeton noun US /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading “Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

AbridgedadjectiveUS /əˈbrɪdʒd/

(used of texts) shortened by condensing or rewriting

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

abridgementnounUS /əˈbrɪdʒmənt/

a shortened version of a written work

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

BoswellnounUS /ˈbɑːzwel/

Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

Boswell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

caresnounUS /kerz/

plural of “care” — the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

commentsnounUS /ˈkɑːments/

plural of “comment” — a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

companionshipnounUS /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/

the state of being with someone

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

conversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

criticismsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/

plural of “criticism” — disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

dareverbUS /der/

take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

dealingnounUS /ˈdiːlɪŋ/

method or manner of conduct in relation to others

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

devoteesnounUS /ˈdevəˈtiːz/

plural of “devotee” — an ardent follower and admirer

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

editedadjectiveUS /ˈedətəd/

improved or corrected by critical editing

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

enlightenmentnounUS /ˌenˈlaɪtənmənt/

education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

especialadjectiveUS /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

eventuallyadverbUS /ɪˈventʃəwəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

innocentadjectiveUS /ˈɪnəsənt/

free from evil or guilt

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

Johnson'snounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsənz/

possessive form of “johnson” — English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

Johnsonians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

legaladjectiveUS /ˈliːɡəl/

established by or founded upon law or official or accepted rules

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

LoyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

omittedverbUS /oʊˈmɪtəd/

inflected form of “omit” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

passagesnounUS /ˈpæsədʒəz/

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

perturbationsnounUS /ˌpɜːrtərˈbeɪʃənz/

plural of “perturbation” — an unhappy and worried mental state

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

phasesnounUS /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

PrincetonnounUS /ˈprɪnstən/

a university town in central New Jersey

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

randomadjectiveUS /ˈrændəm/

lacking any definite plan or order or purpose; governed by or depending on chance

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

scornnounUS /skɔːrn/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading Loyal Johnsonians may look upon such a book with a measure of scorn.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading I have kept in mind an old habit, common enough, I dare say, among its devotees, of opening the book of random, and reading wherever the eye falls upon a passage of especial interest.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading All such passages, I hope, have been retained, and enough of the whole book to illustrate all the phases of Johnson's mind and of his time which Boswell observed.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Abridged and edited, with an introduction Professor of English at Princeton University In making this abridgement of Boswell's Life of Johnson I have omitted most of Boswell's criticisms, comments, and notes, all of Johnson's opinions in legal cases, most of the letters, and parts of the conversation dealing with matters which were of greater importance in Boswell's day than now.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I could not have made it, had I not believed that it would be the means of drawing new readers to Boswell, and eventually of finding for them in the complete work what many have already found--days and years of growing enlightenment and happy companionship, and an innocent refuge from the cares and perturbations of life.

Chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and by James Boswell holds 269 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and contain?

Chapter 1 holds 269 sentences of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and by James Boswell exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 269 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and

Common questions about reading Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and by James Boswell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and?

Yes. All 10543 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1564 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1564, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2109 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and section by section

How to work through Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and

Words and structures a reader meets early in Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Abridged
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Professor
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Boswell's Life of Johnson Abridged and; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.