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Both Sides the Border
Both Sides the Border

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.
A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.
Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.
However, he sent for Alwyn Forster.
"I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Both Sides the Border

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.
Line 2
A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.
Line 3
Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.
/ˈpɜːrsi wɑːz ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tuː send bʌt fjuː men fɔːr wɪð wɔːr wɪð ðə skɑːtʃ ˈɪmənənt hiː kʊd nɑːt ˈwiːkən hɪmˈself baɪ ˈsendɪŋ ɔːf ə lɑːrdʒ fɔːrs/
Line 4
However, he sent for Alwyn Forster.
Line 5
"I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

drill verb US /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

ensue verb US /ɪnˈsuː/

issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

flocking verb US /ˈflɑːkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

levies noun US /ˈleviz/

plural of “levy” — a charge imposed and collected

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

Mortimer noun US /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

Oswald noun US /ˈɔːzwɔːld/

United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy (1939-1963)

From this reading “Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.”

turbulent adjective US /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading “A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.”

weaken verb US /ˈwiːkən/

lessen the strength of

From this reading “Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1400

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

Alnwick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

Alwyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading However, he sent for Alwyn Forster.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

drillverbUS /drɪl/

make a hole, especially with a pointed power or hand tool

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

Edmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

ensueverbUS /ɪnˈsuː/

issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

experiencedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspɪriənst/

having experience; having knowledge or skill from observation or participation

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

fearedverbUS /fɪrd/

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

flockingverbUS /ˈflɑːkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flock” — move as a crowd or in a group

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

Forster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

Glendowernoun

Welsh chieftain who led a revolt against Henry IV's rule in Wales (1359-1416)

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

GreyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

Hotspurnoun

English soldier killed in a rebellion against Henry IV (1364-1403)

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, he sent for Alwyn Forster.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

imminentadjectiveUS /ˈɪmənənt/

close in time; about to occur

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

leviesnounUS /ˈleviz/

plural of “levy” — a charge imposed and collected

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

MortimernounUS /ˈmɔːrtɪmər/

English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading "I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

newly-raised

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

OswaldnounUS /ˈɔːzwɔːld/

United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy (1939-1963)

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

OwennounUS /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

PercynounUS /ˈpɜːrsi/

United States writer whose novels explored human alienation (1916-1990)

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

pickedverbUS /pɪkt/

past form of “pick” — select carefully from a group

From this reading "I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

Ruthyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

sendingnounUS /ˈsendɪŋ/

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading However, he sent for Alwyn Forster.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading "I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

turbulentadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

characterized by unrest or disorder or insubordination

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading "I need twenty picked men, for the service of Sir Edmund Mortimer, Alwyn.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

weakenverbUS /ˈwiːkən/

lessen the strength of

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Oswald Forster had not been present when, in June, 1400, the king arrived at Alnwick.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading A few days after the coming of the Earl of March, Hotspur received a letter from Sir Edmund Mortimer, the brother of his wife; asking him to send a body of men-at-arms, under an experienced captain who could aid him to drill newly-raised levies; for that one Owen Glendower had taken up arms against the Lord Grey de Ruthyn, and that turbulent men were flocking to his standard, and it was feared that serious trouble might ensue.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Percy was in a position to send but few men, for with war with the Scotch imminent, he could not weaken himself by sending off a large force.

Chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 201 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border contain?

Chapter 9 holds 201 sentences of Both Sides the Border, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 201 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Both Sides the Border?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Both Sides the Border

Common questions about reading Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Both Sides the Border?

Yes. All 5575 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Both Sides the Border is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Both Sides the Border take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1115 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Both Sides the Border section by section

How to work through Both Sides the Border section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Both Sides the Border to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Both Sides the Border

Words and structures a reader meets early in Both Sides the Border, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Opening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.