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Both Sides the Border
Both Sides the Border

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.
Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.
He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.
It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.
Henry lost no time in replying.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Both Sides the Border

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border is here in full — 271 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.
/fɔːr ə taɪm ðə ˈɡærɪsən æt ðə ˈkæsəl hæd bʌt ˈlɪtəl tuː duː/
Line 2
Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.
/lɔːrd ɡreɪ hæd ˈteɪkən noʊ steps tuː rɪˈkʌvər ðə ɪˈsteɪts frʌm wɪtʃ hɪz rɪˈteɪnərz hæd bɪn soʊ ˌʌnserəˈmoʊniəsli ɪˈdʒektɪd/
Line 3
He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.
Line 4
It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.
/ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn noʊ ˈtraɪflɪŋ step tuː teɪk tuː ˈkæri hɪz ɑːrmz ˈɪntuː weɪlz ənd soʊ brɪŋ ɑːn ə freʃ ˈstrʌɡəl ˈæftər soʊ ˈmeni jɪrz ʌv piːs ənd hiː wʊd nɑːt muːv ɪn ðə ˈmætər ənˈtɪl hiː hæd ðə ˈrɔɪəl əˈθɔːrəti/
Line 5
Henry lost no time in replying.
/ˈhenri lɔːst noʊ taɪm ɪn rɪˈplaɪɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstained verb US /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading “He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.”

ejected verb US /ɪˈdʒektɪd/

past form of “eject” — put out or expel from a place

From this reading “Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.”

forcible adjective US /ˈfɔːrsəbəl/

impelled by physical force especially against resistance

From this reading “He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.”

replying verb US /rɪˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading “Henry lost no time in replying.”

retainers noun US /rɪˈteɪnərz/

plural of “retainer” — a fee charged in advance to retain the services of someone

From this reading “Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.”

unceremoniously adverb US /ˌʌnserəˈmoʊniəsli/

in an unceremonious manner

From this reading “Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.”

unemployed adjective US /ˌʌnemˈplɔɪd/

not engaged in a gainful occupation

From this reading “He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.”

Welsh noun US /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading “He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

abstainedverbUS /əbˈsteɪnd/

past form of “abstain” — refrain from voting

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

carryverbUS /ˈkæri/

move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

decisiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

determining or having the power to determine an outcome

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

despatched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

ejectedverbUS /ɪˈdʒektɪd/

past form of “eject” — put out or expel from a place

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

forcibleadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrsəbəl/

impelled by physical force especially against resistance

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

garrisonnounUS /ˈɡærɪsən/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

Glendowernoun

Welsh chieftain who led a revolt against Henry IV's rule in Wales (1359-1416)

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

GreyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Henry lost no time in replying.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Henry lost no time in replying.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

messengernounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

prioradjectiveUS /ˈpraɪər/

earlier in time

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

recoververbUS /rɪˈkʌvər/

get or find back; recover the use of

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

reoccupy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

replyingverbUS /rɪˈplaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading Henry lost no time in replying.

retainersnounUS /rɪˈteɪnərz/

plural of “retainer” — a fee charged in advance to retain the services of someone

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For a time the garrison at the castle had but little to do.

triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

unceremoniouslyadverbUS /ˌʌnserəˈmoʊniəsli/

in an unceremonious manner

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

unemployedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnemˈplɔɪd/

not engaged in a gainful occupation

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

WelshnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Lord Grey had taken no steps to recover the estates from which his retainers had been so unceremoniously ejected.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

withdrawnadjectiveUS /wɪθˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn from society; seeking solitude

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He had, indeed, marched a strong force through them; but the Welsh had entirely withdrawn, and it would be necessary to keep so large a force unemployed, were he to reoccupy the land, that he abstained from taking any decisive action, prior to the return of the messenger whom he had despatched to inform the king of the forcible measures that Glendower had taken to recover the estate.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It would have been no trifling step to take, to carry his arms into Wales, and so bring on a fresh struggle after so many years of peace; and he would not move in the matter, until he had the royal authority.

Chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 271 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border contain?

Chapter 10 holds 271 sentences of Both Sides the Border, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 271 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Both Sides the Border?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Both Sides the Border

Common questions about reading Both Sides the Border by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Both Sides the Border?

Yes. All 5575 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Both Sides the Border is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Both Sides the Border take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1115 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Both Sides the Border section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Both Sides the Border

Words and structures a reader meets early in Both Sides the Border, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Opening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fifteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Both Sides the Border; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.