Chapter 4 of Bothwell is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of Bothwell is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
"Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!" "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it." "I do pity thee, Konrad!" "It is too late now. Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
Chapter 4 of Bothwell is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.
From this reading “"I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."”
a former copper coin of Pakistan and India
From this reading “Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.”
with bitterness; in a resentful manner
From this reading “Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.”
gathered together or made less diffuse
From this reading “"I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."”
include or contain; have as a component
From this reading “"I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."”
an old form of “did”, used with “thou”
From this reading “Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.”
past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant
From this reading “"I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."”
put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items
From this reading “Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “"It is too late now.”
In this reading “"I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
Having no one else present.
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
a former copper coin of Pakistan and India
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
the past participle of “be”
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
with bitterness; in a resentful manner
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
made or become different in nature or form
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
either side of the face below the eyes
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
gathered together or made less diffuse
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
include or contain; have as a component
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
an old form of “did”, used with “thou”
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis
From this reading "I do pity thee, Konrad!"
past form of “endure” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
opinion or judgment
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
mat together and make felt-like
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
the locus of feelings and intuitions
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
not solid; having a space or gap or cavity
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
in truth (often tends to intensify)
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time
From this reading "It is too late now.
a strong positive emotion of regard and affection
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
to a great degree or extent
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
make or become more narrow or restricted
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading "It is too late now.
on one occasion
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
very light colored; highly diluted with white
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
a feeling of sympathy and sorrow for the misfortunes of others
From this reading "I do pity thee, Konrad!"
deserving or inciting pity
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
put in the place of another; switch seemingly equivalent items
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person
From this reading "I do pity thee, Konrad!"
an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person
From this reading Thou didst love me once, Anna, and I feel bitterly how cold a substitute is pity.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits
From this reading "I have endured great grief; God alone knoweth how much agony has been concentrated in a heart that felt too narrow to contain it."
precisely as stated
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
belonging to the person or people being spoken to
From this reading "Poor Konrad! you seem indeed changed; your eyes are hollow, and your cheek—it is very pale!"
Chapter 4 of Bothwell by James Grant holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 400 sentences of Bothwell, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of Bothwell by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Bothwell by James Grant on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 2103 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55527 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #55527, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 175 minutes of reading across 421 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Bothwell section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 5 chapters of Bothwell to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Bothwell, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
