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Brave Old Salt
Brave Old Salt

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Brave Old Salt
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BEN LEDI.
The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.
Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.
She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.
The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Brave Old Salt

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt is here in full — 138 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BEN LEDI.
Line 2
The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.
/ðə ˈfaɪərflaɪ hæd bɪn ˈstreŋθənd ənd ˈʌðərwaɪz ˌɪmˈpruːvd fɔːr ðə ˈpɜːrpəs tuː wɪtʃ ʃiː wɑːz tuː biː əˈplaɪd/
Line 3
Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.
/hɜːr ˈɑːrməmənt hæd bɪn tʃeɪndʒd tuː əˈdæpt ɪt tuː ðə ˈstændərd ʌv ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈneɪvi/
Line 4
She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.
Line 5
The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adapt verb US /əˈdæpt/

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading “Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.”

amidships adverb US /əˈmɪdʃɪps/

at or near or toward the center of a ship

From this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

armament noun US /ˈɑːrməmənt/

weaponry used by military or naval force

From this reading “Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.”

Firefly noun US /ˈfaɪərflaɪ/

tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots

From this reading “The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.”

howitzers noun US /ˈhaʊətsərz/

plural of “howitzer” — a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

pounder noun US /ˈpaʊndər/

(used only in combination) something weighing a given number of pounds

From this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

pounders noun US /ˈpaʊndərz/

plural of “pounder” — (used only in combination) something weighing a given number of pounds

From this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

rifled adjective US /ˈraɪfəld/

of a firearm; having rifling or internal spiral grooves inside the barrel

From this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

quarter deck noun + noun

In this reading “She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.”

for the purpose preposition + article + noun counted as “for … purpose”

In this reading “The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

adaptverbUS /əˈdæpt/

make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

amidshipsadverbUS /əˈmɪdʃɪps/

at or near or toward the center of a ship

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

appliedadjectiveUS /əˈplaɪd/

concerned with concrete problems or data rather than with fundamental principles

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

armamentnounUS /ˈɑːrməmənt/

weaponry used by military or naval force

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

BENnounUS /ben/

a mountain or tall hill

From this reading THE BEN LEDI.

broadsides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

cabinnounUS /ˈkæbən/

small room on a ship or boat where people sleep

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

decknounUS /dek/

any of various platforms built into a vessel

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

FireflynounUS /ˈfaɪərflaɪ/

tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

forecastlenoun

living quarters consisting of a superstructure in the bow of a merchant ship where the crew is housed

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

howitzersnounUS /ˈhaʊətsərz/

plural of “howitzer” — a muzzle-loading high-angle gun with a short barrel that fires shells at high elevations for a short range

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

LEDI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BEN LEDI.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

poundernounUS /ˈpaʊndər/

(used only in combination) something weighing a given number of pounds

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

poundersnounUS /ˈpaʊndərz/

plural of “pounder” — (used only in combination) something weighing a given number of pounds

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

rifleverbUS /ˈraɪfəl/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

rifledadjectiveUS /ˈraɪfəld/

of a firearm; having rifling or internal spiral grooves inside the barrel

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

steeragenoun

the cheapest accommodations on a passenger ship

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

strengthenedadjectiveUS /ˈstreŋθənd/

given added strength or support

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BEN LEDI.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

twenty-fouradjectiveUS /ˈtwentifɔːr/

being four more than twenty

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading She now carried a hundred pounder rifle amidships, a rifled thirty on her forecastle, four twenty-four pounders on the broadsides, and two howitzers on the quarter deck.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Her armament had been changed, to adapt it to the standard of the United States navy.

ward-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The cabin, ward-room, and steerage remained as before.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Firefly had been strengthened and otherwise improved for the purpose to which she was to be applied.

Chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt by Oliver Optic holds 138 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt contain?

Chapter 28 holds 138 sentences of Brave Old Salt, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 138 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Brave Old Salt?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Brave Old Salt

Common questions about reading Brave Old Salt by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Brave Old Salt?

Yes. All 4388 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37907 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Brave Old Salt is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37907, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Brave Old Salt take to read?

About 365 minutes of reading across 878 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Brave Old Salt section by section

How to work through Brave Old Salt section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Brave Old Salt to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Brave Old Salt

Words and structures a reader meets early in Brave Old Salt, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Quarter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brave Old Salt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brave Old Salt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brave Old Salt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rebellion
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brave Old Salt; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.