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Brazilian Tales
Brazilian Tales

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales is here in full — 515 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.
The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.
"I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."
In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.
In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Brazilian Tales

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales is here in full — 515 sentences across 103 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/103 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.
Line 2
The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.
Line 3
"I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."
/aɪ duː nɑːt noʊ hiː raɪts ˈweðər ðə eɡˈzɪstəns ʌv æn ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈlɪtərətʃər ɪz ˈpɑːsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt æn ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌɪndɪˈpendənt ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/
Line 4
In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.
Line 5
In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.
/ɪn ðɪs sens tuː ɪt wɑːz noʊ daʊt wʌns ˈpɑːsəbəl wɪð noʊ smɔːl ˈmeʒər ʌv ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən tuː dɪˈnaɪ ðə eɡˈzɪstəns ʌv æn əˈmerəkən æz dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt frʌm æn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈlɪtərətʃər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Belgian adjective US /ˈbeldʒən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium or the Belgian people

From this reading “In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.”

Brazilian adjective US /brəˈzɪljən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Brazil or the people of Brazil

From this reading “The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.”

country's noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

possessive form of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.”

deficiencies noun US /dɪˈfɪʃənsiz/

plural of “deficiency” — the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading “The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.”

essay noun US /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.”

genuinely adverb US /ˈdʒenjəwənli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading “The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.”

justification noun US /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading “In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.”

Swiss noun US /swɪs/

the natives or inhabitants of Switzerland

From this reading “In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

BelgianadjectiveUS /ˈbeldʒən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium or the Belgian people

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

BrazilianadjectiveUS /brəˈzɪljən/

of or relating to or characteristic of Brazil or the people of Brazil

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

country'snounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

possessive form of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

criticnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

deficienciesnounUS /dɪˈfɪʃənsiz/

plural of “deficiency” — the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

denyverbUS /dɪˈnaɪ/

declare untrue; contradict

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

existsverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪsts/

third-person singular of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

genuinelyadverbUS /ˈdʒenjəwənli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

Jose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

justificationnounUS /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

LiteraturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

Spanish-American

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

StudiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Author of "Studies in Spanish-American Literature," etc.

SwissnounUS /swɪs/

the natives or inhabitants of Switzerland

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

Verissimo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading The noted Brazilian critic, Jose Verissimo, in a short but important essay on the deficiencies of his country's letters, has expressed serious doubt as to whether there exists a genuinely Brazilian literature.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In this sense, too, it was no doubt once possible, with no small measure of justification, to deny the existence of an American, as distinguished from an English, literature.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In this sense Verissimo would deny the existence of a Swiss, or a Belgian, literature.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading "I do not know," he writes, "whether the existence of an entirely independent literature is possible without an entirely independent language."

Chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales by Isaac [Translator] Goldberg holds 515 sentences, grouped into 103 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales contain?

Chapter 1 holds 515 sentences of Brazilian Tales, unabridged, divided into 103 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales by Isaac [Translator] Goldberg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 515 sentences, grouped into 103 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Brazilian Tales?

Work through the 103 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 103 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Brazilian Tales

Common questions about reading Brazilian Tales by Isaac [Translator] Goldberg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Brazilian Tales?

Yes. All 1536 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21040 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Brazilian Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21040, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Brazilian Tales take to read?

About 128 minutes of reading across 308 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Brazilian Tales section by section

How to work through Brazilian Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of Brazilian Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Brazilian Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Brazilian Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brazilian Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Studies
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brazilian Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish-american
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brazilian Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Brazilian Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.