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Bricks Without Straw: A Novel
Bricks Without Straw: A Novel

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/54 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHAT SHALL THE END BE?
Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.
They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.
They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.
One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Bricks Without Straw: A Novel

Chapter XL · Chapter 40

Chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel is here in full — 273 sentences across 55 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/54 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHAT SHALL THE END BE?
/wʌt ʃæl ðə end biː/
Line 2
Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.
/tuː men sæt əˈpɑːn wʌn ʌv ðə ˈbentʃɪz ɪn ðə ʃeɪd ʌv ə ˈspredɪŋ elm ɪn ðə ˈʃæd.oʊ ʌv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈkæpɪtəl æz ðə sʌn dɪˈklaɪnd təˈwɔːrd hɪz ˈsetɪŋ/
Line 3
They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.
/ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈwɔːkɪŋ ənd ˈtɔːkɪŋ æz ˈoʊnli ˈɜːrnɪst ˈθɔːtfəl men ɑːr woʊnt tuː tɔːk/
Line 4
They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.
/ðeɪ hæd fərˈɡɑːt.n̩ iːtʃ ˈʌðər ənd ðemˈselvz ɪn ðə ɪnˈdevər tuː ˈfɔːrkæst ðə ˈfjuːtʃər ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri ˈæftər ə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ʌv ɪts pæst/
Line 5
One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

benches noun US /ˈbentʃɪz/

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading “Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.”

Capitol noun US /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading “Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.”

complexion noun US /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading “One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.”

declined verb US /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading “Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.”

elm noun US /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading “Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.”

endeavor noun US /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading “They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.”

forecast verb US /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading “They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.”

spreading noun US /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading “Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading WHAT SHALL THE END BE?

beardnounUS /bɪrd/

the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

benchesnounUS /ˈbentʃɪz/

plural of “bench” — a long seat for more than one person

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

brownnounUS /braʊn/

an orange of low brightness and saturation

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

CapitolnounUS /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

complexionnounUS /kəmˈplekʃən/

the coloring of a person's face

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

declinedverbUS /dɪˈklaɪnd/

past form of “decline” — grow worse

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

elmnounUS /elm/

any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

ENDnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading WHAT SHALL THE END BE?

endeavornounUS /ɪnˈdevər/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

fleckedadjective

having a pattern of dots

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

floridnessnoun

extravagant elaborateness

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

forecastverbUS /ˈfɔːrkæst/

predict in advance

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

foreheadnounUS /ˈfɔːrhed/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

forgottenadjectiveUS /fərˈɡɑːt.n̩/

Not remembered; lapsed from memory.

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

futureadjectiveUS /ˈfjuːtʃər/

yet to be or coming

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

incliningnoun

the act of inclining; bending forward

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

NationaladjectiveUS /ˈnæʃənəl/

of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

SHALLmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading WHAT SHALL THE END BE?

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

talkingnounUS /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/

an exchange of ideas via conversation

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WHAT SHALL THE END BE?

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They had forgotten each other and themselves in the endeavor to forecast the future of the country after a consideration of its past.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

thoughtfuladjectiveUS /ˈθɔːtfəl/

having intellectual depth

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Two men sat upon one of the benches in the shade of a spreading elm in the shadow of the National Capitol, as the sun declined toward his setting.

walkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/

close enough to be walked to

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT SHALL THE END BE?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading One was tall, broad, and of full habit, with a clear blue eye, high, noble forehead, and brown beard and hair just beginning to be flecked with gray, and of a light complexion inclining to floridness.

wontnounUS /woʊnt/

an established custom

From this reading They had been walking and talking as only earnest, thoughtful men are wont to talk.

Chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel by Albion Winegar Tourgée holds 273 sentences, grouped into 55 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel contain?

Chapter 40 holds 273 sentences of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 55 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel by Albion Winegar Tourgée exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 273 sentences, grouped into 55 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel?

Work through the 55 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 55 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Bricks Without Straw: A Novel

Common questions about reading Bricks Without Straw: A Novel by Albion Winegar Tourgée on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6058, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Bricks Without Straw: A Novel take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1541 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Bricks Without Straw: A Novel section by section

How to work through Bricks Without Straw: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Bricks Without Straw: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Bricks Without Straw: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Knapp-of-reeds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plantation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Numerous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Possessions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Bricks Without Straw: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.