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Britain in the Middle Ages
Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Britain in the Middle Ages
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.
Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.
Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.
So they invaded Britain.
The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Britain in the Middle Ages

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.
/ðə ˈroʊmənz ðə best ˈsoʊldʒərz ɪn ðə wɜːrld wɜːr ðə ˈroʊmənz huː keɪm frʌm ðə ɡreɪt ˈsɪti ʌv roʊm fɑːr əˈweɪ ɪn ˈɪtəli/
Line 2
Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.
/ˈevribɑːdi hæd hɜːrd ʌv ðer ˈmaɪti diːdz fɔːr ðeɪ hæd ˈkɑːŋkərd ˈnɪrli ˈevəri lænd ɪkˈsept ˈbrɪtən ənd tuː ðem ˈbrɪtən siːmd tuː biː ɪn ðə ˈfɑːrðəst ˈkɔːrnər ʌv ðə wɜːrld dʒʌst ɑːn ðə edʒ ə lænd noʊ daʊt ʌv ˈdræɡənz ənd streɪndʒ waɪld ˈpiːpəl/
Line 3
Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.
/naʊ ðə ˈroʊmənz hæd hɜːrd ðæt ðer wɑːz miːt ənd kɔːrn ɪn ˈplenti ɪn ðə lænd ðæt ðer wɜːr tɪn maɪnz ənd tɪn wɑːz ˈveri ˈjuːsfəl fɔːr ˈmɪksɪŋ wɪð ˈkɑːpər tuː meɪk ˈɑːrmər/
Line 4
So they invaded Britain.
/soʊ ðeɪ ˌɪnˈveɪdəd ˈbrɪtən/
Line 5
The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.
/ðə ɡreɪt ˈroʊmən ˈɑːrmi muːvd ˈveri ˈsloʊli θruː ðə lænd fɔːr ðer wɜːr fjuː roʊdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armour noun US /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading “Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.”

Britain noun US /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading “Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.”

dragons noun US /ˈdræɡənz/

plural of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading “Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.”

farthest adverb US /ˈfɑːrðəst/

to the greatest distance in space or time (“farthest” is used more often than “furthest” in this physical sense)

From this reading “Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.”

invaded verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “So they invaded Britain.”

mines noun US /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading “Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.”

mixing noun US /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading “Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.”

romans noun US /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading “THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mighty deeds adjective + noun

In this reading “Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.”

great city adjective + noun

In this reading “THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.”

on the edge preposition + article + noun counted as “on … edge”

In this reading “Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.”

came from verb + particle counted as “come from”

In this reading “THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

armournounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

conqueredverbUS /ˈkɑːŋkərd/

past form of “conquer” — bring under control by force or authority

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

coppernounUS /ˈkɑːpər/

a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

cornernounUS /ˈkɔːrnər/

a place off to the side of an area

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

deedsnounUS /diːdz/

performance of moral or religious acts

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

dragonsnounUS /ˈdræɡənz/

plural of “dragon” — a creature of Teutonic mythology; usually represented as breathing fire and having a reptilian body and sometimes wings

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

EverybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

farthestadverbUS /ˈfɑːrðəst/

to the greatest distance in space or time (“farthest” is used more often than “furthest” in this physical sense)

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading So they invaded Britain.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

minesnounUS /maɪnz/

plural of “mine” — excavation in the earth from which ores and minerals are extracted

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

mixingnounUS /ˈmɪksɪŋ/

the act of mixing together

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

ROMANSnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So they invaded Britain.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The great Roman army moved very slowly through the land, for there were few roads.

tinnounUS /tɪn/

a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Everybody had heard of their mighty deeds, for they had conquered nearly every land except Britain, and to them Britain seemed to be in the farthest corner of the world, just on the edge, a land, no doubt, of dragons and strange wild people.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Now the Romans had heard that there was meat and corn in plenty in the land, that there were tin mines, and tin was very useful for mixing with copper to make armour.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE ROMANS The best soldiers in the world were the Romans, who came from the great city of Rome, far away in Italy.

Chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 2 holds 36 sentences of Britain in the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Britain in the Middle Ages by Florence L. Bowman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Britain in the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 1237 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40371 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Britain in the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40371, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Britain in the Middle Ages take to read?

About 103 minutes of reading across 248 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Britain in the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Britain in the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Britain in the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Britain in the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Britain in the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Taken
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Britain in the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.